Venezuela's government said on Saturday (May 16, 2026) it deported a close ally of Nicolas Maduro facing several criminal investigations in the U.S., less than three years after the businessman was pardoned by President Joe Biden as part of a prisoner swap.

The decision marks a stark reversal for Alex Saab, who Mr. Maduro fought tooth and nail to bring home after his previous international arrest in 2020. Now, the Colombian-born insider, long described by U.S. officials as Mr. Maduro's “bag man,” may be asked to testify against his former protector, who is awaiting trial on drug charges in Manhattan after being captured in a shock raid by the U.S. military in January.

The Venezuelan immigration authority, in a short statement on Saturday (May 16), did not explicitly say where it had sent Saab but said the decision was made based on several ongoing criminal investigations in the U.S. The statement's reference to Saab only as a “Colombian citizen” appeared to be a nod to Venezuelan law, which prohibits the extradition of its nationals.

Following his last arrest, Mr. Maduro and acting President Delcy Rodriguez presented a copy of what they said was Mr. Saab's Venezuelan passport, claiming he was a high-level diplomat who had been illegally detained during a refuelling stop en route to Iran.

A fortune built from government contracts

Mr. Saab, 54, amassed a fortune through Venezuelan government contracts. But he fell out of favour with the country's new leadership that took power following Mr. Maduro's ouster. Since taking over from Mr. Maduro on Jan 3, Ms. Rodriguez demoted Mr. Saab, firing him from her Cabinet and stripping him of his role as the main conduit for foreign companies looking to invest in Venezuela. For months, conflicting news accounts have circulated that he was imprisoned or under house arrest.

His removal to the United States is likely to deepen divisions inside Ms. Rodriguez's fragile ruling coalition of Chavistas, named for the movement started by the late Hugo Chavez.

Ms. Rodriguez has generated enormous goodwill in Washington and successfully stalled any talk of new elections as she bends to the Trump administration's demands to open up its oil and mining industries to American investment.

But those concessions to what Chavistas have long decried as the U.S. “Empire” have angered many of her more radical, ideologically driven allies, some of whom, like Interior Minister Diosdado Cabello, wield great influence inside the Venezuelan security forces and face criminal charges themselves in the U.S.

U.S. investigation into food corruption

The Associated Press reported in February that federal prosecutors have been digging for months into Mr. Saab's role in an alleged bribery conspiracy involving Venezuelan government contracts to import food.

The investigation stems from a 2021 case the Justice Department brought against Saab's longtime partner, Alvaro Pulido, a former law enforcement official said. That prosecution, out of Miami, centres around the so-called CLAP program set up by Mr. Maduro to provide staples — rice, corn flour, cooking oil — to poor Venezuelans struggling to feed themselves at a time of rampant hyperinflation and a crumbling currency.

Mr. Saab is identified in the indictment as “Co-Conspirator 1" and allegedly helped set up a web of companies used to bribe a pro-Maduro governor who awarded the business partners a contract to import food boxes from Mexico at an inflated price.

Mr. Saab was first arrested in 2020 after his private jet made a refuelling stop in Cape Verde en route to Iran on what the Venezuelan government described as a humanitarian mission to circumvent US sanctions.

Ms. Rodriguez celebrated Mr. Saab's return in 2023 as a “resounding victory" for Venezuela over what she called a U.S.-led campaign of lies and threats. But several Republicans criticised the deal, including Sen Chuck Grassley, of Iowa, who wrote a letter to then-Attorney General Merrick Garland saying history “should remember (Saab) as a predator of vulnerable people."

Over the objections of law enforcement, Mr. Biden in 2023 agreed to free Mr. Saab in exchange for the release of several imprisoned Americans and Venezuela's return of a fugitive foreign defence contractor known as “Fat Leonard.” The deal came as part of an effort by the Biden White House to roll back sanctions and lure Mr. Maduro into holding a free and fair presidential election.

Mr. Biden's pardon of Mr. Saab was narrowly tailored to a 2019 indictment — the case number is cited in the pardon itself — related to a contract he and Mr. Pulido allegedly won through bribes to build low-income housing units in Venezuela that were never built.

A possible witness against Maduro

Should Mr. Saab be returned to U.S. custody, he could become a valuable witness against Mr. Maduro.

The businessman secretly met with the Drug Enforcement Administration before his first arrest and, in a closed-door court hearing in 2022, his lawyers revealed that the businessman, for years, helped the DEA untangle corruption in Mr. Maduro's inner circle. As part of that cooperation, he forfeited more than $12 million in illegal proceeds from dirty business dealings.

Mr. Saab's Miami-based attorney, Neil Schuster, declined to comment. The Justice Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment.