A plea has been filed in the Supreme Court seeking direction to the Centre and State governments to constitute a judicial commission or an expert committee to review the wages and other benefits given to priests, sevadars and temple staff in state-controlled temples.

The PIL filed by advocate Ashwini Upadhyay said that the writ petition seeks directions to the Centre and States to constitute a judicial commission or an expert committee to review the remuneration and other benefits given to the priests and temple staff in state-controlled temples.

"Petitioner also seeks a declaration that priests and temple staff are ‘employee’ under Section 2(k) of the Code on Wages, 2019. Petitioner submits that once the State assumes the administrative, economic and financial control over temples, an employer-employee relationship arises and denial of dignified wages to priests and temple staff violates the right to livelihood guaranteed under Article 21," it said.

Mr. Upadhyay said that the cause of action accrued on April 4, when he went to Varanasi to attend a public programme and after performing 'Rudrabhishek' in the Kashi Vishwanath temple, which is controlled by the State, he came to know that even the minimum wages to live with dignity are not given to the priests and temple staff.

Systemic exploitation

"Recently, in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, priests and temple staff organised a large-scale protest demanding the minimum wages. Priests and temple staff are not getting even the minimum wage prescribed by the State for unskilled and semi-skilled workers. This is a systemic exploitation. State is acting as a model employer through the endowments department but violating the Minimum Wages Act and the Directive Principles of State Policy (Article 43)," it said.

The plea further said that the continued refusal to minimum wages with the 2026 inflation-adjusted cost of living index has forced the petitioner to seek judicial intervention to prevent the further marginalisation of priests and temple staff.

Upadhyay further said that the precarious nature of livelihood was starkly exposed on February 7, 2025, when a Tamil Nadu department issued a circular at the 'Dhandayuthapani Swami Temple' in Madurai, strictly prohibiting priests from accepting 'Dakshina' in 'aarti plates'.

"It is necessary to state that priests in such temples often receive no formal salary from the State and rely entirely on 'Dakshina'; the State's administrative order directly threatened them with starvation. Although withdrawn due to public outrage, the incident highlights the State’s arbitrary power over the survival of the priests. This is also a bitter truth that States are controlling lakhs of temples but not a single mosque or church," the PIL claimed.

The petition, alternatively, sought direction to the Centre and States to take appropriate steps for the welfare of priests, sevadars and other temple staff in the spirit of the Allahabad High Court's earlier judgments.