The United States on Wednesday (May 20, 2026) criminally indicted Cuba’s former leader Raul Castro, fueling speculation that President Donald Trump will try to topple the communist state.

The Justice Department charged the influential former President over the deadly 1996 downing of two civilian planes manned by anti-Castro pilots.

The 94-year-old Castro, brother of Fidel Castro, the late iconic U.S. nemesis who led the 1959 communist revolution, was accused of murder, conspiracy to kill Americans, and destruction of aircraft.

“We expect that he will show up here by his own will or by another way and go to prison,” acting Attorney General Todd Blanche told a news conference in Miami attended by cheering Cuban-Americans.

Mr. Trump previously seized on a U.S. domestic indictment to justify military action in January that toppled and seized Venezuela’s then President Nicolas Maduro, a staunch ally of the Cuban authorities.

He called the indictment a “very important moment.”

But Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel said the U.S. action “no legal basis.”

The charges aim to “add to the file they are fabricating to justify the folly of a military aggression against Cuba,” he wrote on X.

Five other Cubans were also charged, including the air force pilots who shot down the planes.

Four people died in the 1996 incident, sending relations plummeting. Two decades later, Mr. Raul Castro joined then U.S. President Barack Obama in an effort to reconcile.

Mr. Trump reversed Obama’s effort to improve relations and has been steadily tightening sanctions on the island, already under a US embargo almost continuously since the communist revolution.

‘New path’

Mr. Trump has repeatedly signalled that the Cuban government could be next after Venezuela to fall to U.S. pressure, and earlier this month even said Washington would be “taking over” the Caribbean island, about 90 miles (145 km) from Florida, “almost immediately.”

In a video message to the Cuban people in Spanish, Secretary of State Marco Rubio, himself a Cuban-American, accused the Havana leadership of theft, corruption and oppression.

“President Trump is offering a new path between the U.S. and a new Cuba,” Mr. Rubio said.

“A new Cuba where you have a real opportunity to choose who governs your country and vote to replace them if they are not doing a good job.”

The U.S. ousting of Mr. Maduro has hit Cuba hard, cutting off a supply of free Venezuelan oil to the island, which has been plunged into an economic crisis.

Mr. Rubio has dangled an offer of $100 million in aid to Cuba if it takes steps to open up.

“In the U.S., we are ready to open a new chapter in the relationship between our people and our countries,” Mr. Rubio said. “And, currently, the only thing standing in the way of a better future are those who control your country.”

The indictment was announced on the day that Cuban-Americans mark Cuba’s independence from Spain.

At the Versailles restaurant, a historic gathering point for Miami’s Cuban diaspora, Francys Fabelo, a 67-year-old writer originally from Cuba, said the community has been waiting for such charges against the Castros for decades.

“You don’t mess with President Trump. I think this is serious. We hope, the people of Cuba hope, that this is serious,” she said.

The Cuban government emphasizes different dates in its historical narrative, celebrating the victory of Fidel Castro’s revolution on January 1, 1959.

Diaz-Canel, in his own message, said that independence from Spain in 1898 was marred by the Platt Amendment, the U.S. policy of forcing the right to intervene in Cuba.

“Intervention, interference, dispossession, frustration: that is what May 20th signifies in Cuba’s history,” he wrote on X.