The Donald Trump administration and Iranian negotiators finalised a preliminary Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on June 14 to end active hostilities and establish a 60-day window in which to conclude formal negotiations, according to Pakistan, which mediated the negotiations. It is to be signed on June 19 in Switzerland, after which the Strait of Hormuz will be reopened and the U.S. naval blockade will be lifted.

The MoU has not yet been published in full. Jeffrey Lewis, Distinguished Scholar of Global Security at Middlebury College, wrote on X that he was “pretty sure both the Iranians and the Trump administration will lie egregiously about the contents of the MoU” and that it would be prudent to “wait for the text”.