At a Special Session of Parliament convened from April 16 to 18 to get the Constitution 131st Amendment Bill, 2026 passed, the Union government attempted to increase the strength of the Lok Sabha and the Assemblies and implement 33% reservation for women in these bodies based on a delimitation exercise using the population data of Census 2011. The plan was to increase the strength of the Lok Sabha from 543 to 850 members (816 for the States and 34 for Union Territories), which would have likely resulted in a redistribution of Lok Sabha seats in favour of the States with bigger populations and larger areas.

The Bill, however, was defeated as it failed to muster the required support of two-thirds of the members of the Lok Sabha who were present and voting. The government had the support of only 298 members as against the required 352 out of a total of 528 members who were present and voting.