#安装
yum install -y vsftpd#设置开机启动
systemctl enable vsftpd.service#启动
systemctl start vsftpd.service#停止
systemctl stop vsftpd.service#查看状态
systemctl status vsftpd.service
#打开配置文件 vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf #显示行号 :set number #修改配置 12 行 anonymous_enable=NO #修改配置 33 行 anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES #修改配置48行 chown_uploads=YES #修改配置72行 async_abor_enable=YES #修改配置82行 ascii_upload_enable=YES #修改配置83行 ascii_download_enable=YES #修改配置86行 ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.#修改配置100行
chroot_local_user=YES #添加下列内容到vsftpd.conf末尾 use_localtime=YES listen_port=21 idle_session_timeout=300 guest_enable=YES guest_username=vsftpd user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vconf data_connection_timeout=1 virtual_use_local_privs=YES pasv_min_port=40000 pasv_max_port=40010 accept_timeout=5 connect_timeout=1
allow_writeable_chroot=YES
#创建编辑用户文件
vim /etc/vsftpd/virtusers
#第一行为用户名，第二行为密码。不能使用root作为用户名leo
12345
db_load -T -t hash -f /etc/vsftpd/virtusers /etc/vsftpd/virtusers.db #设定PAM验证文件，并指定对虚拟用户数据库文件进行读取 chmod 600 /etc/vsftpd/virtusers.db
# 修改前先备份 cp /etc/pam.d/vsftpd /etc/pam.d/vsftpd.bak vi /etc/pam.d/vsftpd
#先将配置文件中原有的 auth 及 account 的所有配置行均注释掉
auth sufficient /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtusers
account sufficient /lib64/security/pam_userdb.so db=/etc/vsftpd/virtusers# 如果系统为32位，上面改为lib
#用户登录终端设为/bin/false(即：使之不能登录系统) useradd vsftpd -d /home/vsftpd -s /bin/false chown -R vsftpd:vsftpd /home/vsftpd
mkdir /etc/vsftpd/vconf cd /etc/vsftpd/vconf #这里建立虚拟用户leo配置文件 touch leo
#编辑leo用户配置文件，内容如下，其他用户类似 vi leo local_root=/home/vsftpd/leo/ write_enable=YES anon_world_readable_only=NO anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES
#建立leo用户根目录 mkdir -p /home/vsftpd/leo/
IPtables 的设置方式：
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables #编辑iptables文件，添加如下内容，开启21端口 -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 40000:40010 -j ACCEPT
firewall 的设置方式：
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=ftp --permanentfirewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=21/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=40000-40010/tcp --permanent
systemctl restart vsftpd.service
这个时候，使用ftp的工具连接时，我们发现是可以连接的。传输文件的时候，会发现文件上传和下载都会出现
500、503 、200等问题。这个时候，可以进行以下操作：
#打开SELINUX配置文件 vim /etc/selinux/config #修改配置参数 #注释 SELINUX=enforcing #增加 SELINUX=disabled #修改完成后，需要重启！
setenforce 0 #暂时让SELinux进入Permissive模式 #列出与ftp相关的设置 getsebool -a|grep ftp #以下是显示出来的权限，off是关闭权限，on是打开权限。不同的机器显示的可能不一样。我看了我的显示的，和网上其他教程就不太一样 ftp_home_dir --> off ftpd_anon_write --> off ftpd_connect_all_unreserved --> off ftpd_connect_db --> off ftpd_full_access --> off ftpd_use_cifs --> off ftpd_use_fusefs --> off ftpd_use_nfs --> off ftpd_use_passive_mode --> off httpd_can_connect_ftp --> off httpd_enable_ftp_server --> off sftpd_anon_write --> off sftpd_enable_homedirs --> off sftpd_full_access --> off sftpd_write_ssh_home --> off tftp_anon_write --> off tftp_home_dir --> off #将包含有 ftp_home_dir 和 ftpd_full_access 相关的都设置为 1 setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1
setsebool -P allow_ftpd_anon_write 1 setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1 setenforce 1 #进入Enforcing模式
setsebool -P ftpd_connect_all_unreserved 1
这个时候再使用工具连接，你发现，就可以正常的上传和下载文件了。
如果还是有问题尝试给我们用户的ftp目录，设置一下操作权限
chmod -R 775 /home/vsftpd/leo
接下来期望提供vsftpd结合ssl/tls实现加密通信
首先生成私钥
[root@server23 CA]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out private/cakey.pem 2048)
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...........................................+++
................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
其次生成自签名证书
[root@server23 CA]# openssl req -new -x509 -key private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:SS
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:XX
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:TE
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:TEC
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ca.linux.com
Email Address []:
接下来配置vsftpd
首先创建目录,然后生成私钥
[root@server23 CA]# cd /etc/vsftpd/ssl/
[root@server23 ssl]# (umask 077;openssl genrsa -out vsftpd.key 2048)Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
...........................+++
......+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
接下来生成证书签署请求
[root@server23 ssl]# openssl req -new -key vsftpd.key -out vsftpd.csr
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:SX
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:XA
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:LINUX
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:TECH
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:ftp.server23.com
Email Address []:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
CA签署请求
[root@server23 ssl]# openssl ca -in vsftpd.csr -out vsftpd.crt
Using configuration from /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Apr 16 08:35:09 2018 GMT
Not After : Apr 16 08:35:09 2019 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = SX
organizationName = LINUX
organizationalUnitName = TECH
commonName = ftp.server23.com
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
40:26:AB:BD:6C:FE:50:82:44:7D:41:A8:E7:43:7F:5E:55:7C:DC:7A
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:B3:C1:80:F2:07:25:42:C1:82:96:FE:C7:70:F1:46:63:7B:2E:16:B1
Certificate is to be certified until Apr 16 08:35:09 2019 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
编辑vsftpd.conf配置文件来使用生成的证书
# ssl or tls
ssl_enable=YES
ssl_sslv3=YES
ssl_tlsv1=YES
allow_anon_ssl=NO
force_local_data_ssl=YES
force_local_logins_ssl=YES
rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd/ssl/vsftpd.crt
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd/ssl/vsftpd.key
然后需要重启vsftpd服务
[root@my Desktop]# ftp 172.25.23.23
Connected to 172.25.23.23 (172.25.23.23).
220 (vsFTPd 2.2.2)
Name (172.25.23.23:root): hadoop
530 Non-anonymous sessions must use encryption.
Login failed.
ftp> hadoop
?Invalid command
上面提示的信息表示非匿名用户必须使用encryption来进行连接,这里如果需要进行连接ftp服务器,就不能够使用Linux lftp命令来进行连接了,暂时只能够使用Windows FileZilla等软件来进行连接;
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