麒麟系统安装 MySQL 5.7 需根据系统架构（x86_64 或 ARM aarch64）选择对应安装包，并严格遵循以下步骤：

🔧 一、安装前准备

1. ‌卸载 MariaDB 和相关组件‌

   rpm -qa | grep mariadb # 检查已安装包 rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs mariadb-server # 强制卸载 :ml-citation{ref="6,8" data="citationList"} yum remove mysql* -y # 清理残留 MySQL 包 :ml-citation{ref="2,6" data="citationList"}

2. ‌安装依赖库‌

   yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ cmake ncurses-devel bison openssl-devel libaio* libncurses* :ml-citation{ref="2,7" data="citationList"}

3. ‌创建 MySQL 用户组和用户‌

   groupadd mysql useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql :ml-citation{ref="3,4" data="citationList"}

📦 二、安装与配置

1. ‌下载并解压安装包‌

   • ‌ARM 架构‌：从华为镜像站下载（如 mysql-5.7.27-aarch64.tar.gz）910

     wget https://obs.cn-north-4.myhuaweicloud.com/obs-mirror-ftp4/database/mysql-5.7.27-aarch64.tar.gz

   • ‌x86_64 架构‌：从 MySQL 官网 下载 mysql-5.7.xx-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 14

   tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.*.tar.gz -C /usr/local mv /usr/local/mysql-5.7.* /usr/local/mysql :ml-citation{ref="3,4" data="citationList"}

2. ‌配置目录权限‌

   mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data # 创建数据目录 chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql # 赋权 :ml-citation{ref="3,4" data="citationList"}

3. ‌修改配置文件 /etc/my.cnf‌

   [mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock port=3306 character-set-server=utf8mb4 [client] default-character-set=utf8mb4 :ml-citation{ref="3,4" data="citationList"}

⚙️ 三、初始化与启动

1. ‌初始化数据库‌

   cd /usr/local/mysql/bin ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data # 记录输出的临时密码 :ml-citation{ref="3,8" data="citationList"}

2. ‌启动 MySQL 服务‌

   cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld service mysqld start # 或 systemctl start mysqld :ml-citation{ref="7,8" data="citationList"}

🔐 四、设置 root 密码及远程访问

1. ‌登录并修改密码‌

   mysql -uroot -p # 输入初始化生成的临时密码 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '新密码'; :ml-citation{ref="8" data="citationList"}

2. ‌开启远程访问（可选）‌

   GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '密码' WITH GRANT OPTION; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; :ml-citation{ref="8" data="citationList"}

⚠️ 常见问题处理

• ‌内存溢出‌：编辑 /etc/my.cnf 添加 performance_schema=off 8。
• ‌SSL 错误‌：执行 bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup 生成证书 7。
• ‌防火墙‌：开放 3306 端口：

  firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload :ml-citation{ref="9" data="citationList"}

‌注意‌：ARM 架构必须使用专用安装包，x86 架构需确认系统位数（getconf LONG_BIT）匹配 45。严格遵循权限和路径配置可避免 80% 的安装失败问题。