China has brought a major hydrogen storage project online in central Henan Province. The one-million-cubic-meter-level salt cavern hydrogen storage demonstration project began operation in Pingdingshan on Saturday, signaling progress in solving one of hydrogen energy’s biggest challenges.

This plant is intended to store large quantities of hydrogen underground. This approach is considered crucial for achieving a balance between production and consumption.

The idea is to use naturally occurring salt deposits to provide an effective storage system for industry and transportation.

Underground storage moves forward

The project relies on naturally occurring salt caverns, formed by the dissolution of salt rock, creating large underground hollow spaces. These caverns are considered suitable for hydrogen storage because of their tight sealing properties and structural stability.

“Salt cavern hydrogen storage is a key technology to break the bottleneck of large-scale hydrogen storage and transportation, and to support the construction of a new energy system,” said Yang Chunhe, an academician with the Chinese Academy of Engineering, at the commissioning ceremony.

The site was developed using high-quality salt rock resources owned by a gas storage and salt chemistry company under China Pingmei Shenma. Research and development were led by the Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, while major energy firms contributed to design and construction.

Technical targets and capacity goals

Engineers designed the project to create a cavern with a water-soluble volume exceeding 30,000 cubic meters (about 1.06 million cubic feet). The system is expected to store up to 1.5 million standard cubic meters of hydrogen (about 53 million cubic feet).

According to Liang Wuxing, deputy chief economist of China Pingmei Shenma, these targets place the project at a demonstration scale that can guide future expansion. The goal is to validate performance before building larger facilities.

The hydrogen is injected into the cavern using two compressors. The system operates at a pressure of 15 megapascals (about 2,175 pounds per square inch) and a flow rate of 2,000 standard cubic meters per hour (about 70,600 cubic feet per hour).

Proving long-term reliability

One of the main objectives of the project is to determine whether salt caverns can safely store hydrogen for extended periods. Hydrogen molecules are small and can escape through poorly sealed materials, making containment a key concern.

“The project has verified the long-term sealing capacity and engineering feasibility of hydrogen storage in layered salt rocks,” said Yang.

This validation is important for scaling up hydrogen infrastructure. Reliable storage allows energy producers to store excess hydrogen generated from renewable sources and release it when demand rises.

Expanding hydrogen applications

With the storage system now operational, engineers are looking at how hydrogen can be used across different sectors. The project team plans to explore several application pathways that could increase hydrogen adoption.

These include blending hydrogen with natural gas for use in pipelines, powering heavy-duty trucks, and using hydrogen in industrial boilers. Each of these applications could help reduce carbon emissions in sectors that are difficult to electrify.