Senate Judiciary Chairman Chuck Grassley has formally invited Meta's Mark Zuckerberg, Alphabet's Sundar Pichai, TikTok's Shou Zi Chew, and Snap's Evan Spiegel to testify before Congress on child safety.

This invitation, which was made public in May, has increased pressure on technology companies that are being sued for their harmful impacts on users.

These companies are being blamed for creating addictive technologies that harm children’s mental well-being.

In addition, 20 states passed laws last year controlling how minors use social networks.

At the same time, Snap, Meta, Google, and TikTok are defendants in thousands of lawsuits brought in the US federal and state courts against them.

Meanwhile, the stakes are growing as both Meta and Google lost jury trials earlier this month, with the former being ordered to pay $375 million in civil fines for its New Mexico-based platform.

If the CEOs accept, it will be the first time the company representatives appear before Capitol Hill since 2024, when the same committee grilled them over the issue of sexual predators on their platforms.

It will be only the second occasion for Pichai to testify at Congress in recent years.

Chew faces added pressure: lawmakers will likely press him on TikTok's recent restructuring deal with President Trump and the extent of Chinese government involvement in the US app.

The failure of Congress to enact comprehensive regulations on social media platforms at the federal level is why states have moved forward with regulating them. Sen. Marsha Blackburn and Sen. Richard Blumenthal are urging fellow legislators to support proposed laws that would make companies liable for the impact of their apps on children.

There are more trials lined up this summer, and the legal environment has changed tremendously from when the CEOs appeared in front of the Senate panel. The loss of the cases brought against Meta and Google exposed the fallacy that tech companies were invincible in courts.

Both TikTok and Snapchat settled out of court, conceding the danger involved in going to trial.