The Russian captain and Azerbaijani bosun, the most senior unrated crew member, of a cargo ship suspected of cutting two undersea cables between Finland and Estonia at the turn of the year has been charged with “aggravated criminal mischief” and “aggravated interference with telecommunications.” According to The Maritime Executive, the Fitburg, a 9,900 deadweight tonnage (DWT) vessel owned by a Turkish entity with Russian links, allegedly dragged its anchor for over 80 miles (130km) and hit undersea cables operated by Finnish telecom company Elisa and Swedish firm Arelion.
Prosecutors also say that the ship intended to target eight additional subsea cables in the area before it was stopped by the Finnish Coast Guard. Two other crew members of the Fitburg remain in detention in Finland as prosecutors determine if they will be charged in relation to the suspected sabotage. The lawyers of the accused say that Finland does not have jurisdiction over the crew, but the authorities say that it will leave it up to the courts to decide.
This is the second undersea cable-related investigation to reach prosecution, as another Russian-linked ship, the Eagle S oil tanker, was involved in another suspected sabotage on Christmas Day 2024. Three officers of the “shadow fleet” tanker were charged with the same criminal cases that the Fitburg crew are facing, although Finland failed to secure a conviction, as the court said that it did not have jurisdiction over the case because the incident happened outside of Finnish territorial waters. The ruling is currently under appeal, though, with prosecutors arguing that “the effects of the crime materialized here in Finland.”
Undersea cables are crucial infrastructure that connect nations to one another, and it is particularly important for Finland as one of the NATO members bordering Russia. The country’s undersea communications, electricity, and gas connections have been hit multiple times in recent years, which is why it has taken steps to protect its sea-line of communications (SLOC). This includes the deployment of a SOSUS-like system that warns cable operators and the Finnish authorities of suspicious activities near vulnerable infrastructure. The technology, called Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), integrates sensors into fiber optic cables that detect sound and vibrations, like an anchor hitting the seabed, coming from the sea floor.
However, suspected attacks on undersea cables aren’t limited to the Baltic Sea. Other incidents have been reported in the Red Sea and in the Taiwan Strait — geopolitical hotspots where tensions often run high. Because of this, both firms and countries are exploring alternative routes to make it harder to disrupt communications. The EU is considering going under the North Pole to bypass Russia and the United States for connecting to Asia, while Meta is building a 50,000-km undersea network that connects the U.S. to Brazil, Africa, India, and Australia, which, notably, avoids bottlenecks like the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Malacca.
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