In the world of archeology, few tools have revolutionized the field as much as ground-penetrating radar (GPR). This geophysical technique uses radar pulses to image the subsurface. Similar techniques have uncovered Viking longships in Norway, revealed lost civilizations in the Amazonian jungle, and even entire Roman cities without ever putting a shovel into dirt.

In 2024, GPR once again delivered near one of the most well-excavated sites in the world—the Great Pyramids of Giza.

Researchers led by Tohoku University’s Motoyuki Sato used GPR, along with electrical resistivity tomography, or ERT, to survey a “blank” patch of the Western Cemetery, the elite burial zone west of the Great Pyramid. The scans showed an L-shaped structure near the surface, with a deeper anomaly below it.

GPR sends radar pulses into the ground. ERT maps how strongly buried materials resist electrical current. Together, the methods gave the team a look at shapes and contrasts below the sand without opening the ground.

According to the team’s research paper, published in the journal Archeological Prospection, the structure is roughly 6.5 feet from the surface, measures 33 feet in length, and was backfilled after construction.

“The Western Cemetery at Giza is known as an important burial place of members of the royal family and high-class officers,” the paper reads. “In the initial survey by GPR and ERT we found an anomaly in the north of the survey site. The area of the anomaly could be established approximately, but the structure and the location were unclear.”

Below the L-shaped feature, the team reported a deeper anomaly 16 to 33 feet underground and described it as “highly electrically resistive.” That could mean a few things. The paper pointed to two possibilities: a mixture of sand and gravel, or sparse spacing with air voids. The cemetery around it is packed with mastabas, the flat-roofed tombs associated with elite burials at Giza. This particular patch drew less attention because it did not have the kind of visible surface architecture that usually pulls archaeologists in.

Later research and heritage-science literature treats the 2024 paper as an example of integrated GPR/ERT work in Egypt, but the Western Cemetery anomaly has not been upgraded into a solved archaeological case.

So, what exactly could this L-shape structure and its lower anomaly represent? Speaking with Live Science, Sato said the structure is likely not natural, as the shape is too sharp.

“It may have been an entrance to the deeper structure,” Sato and his colleagues wrote in the paper. But “may” is doing real work here. The scan doesn’t identify what is below the L-shaped feature, and the researchers didn’t claim they had found a tomb. “From the survey results, we cannot determine the material causing the anomaly,” they wrote, “but it may be a large subsurface archaeological structure.”

The paper called for excavation to establish the anomaly’s purpose. Until that happens publicly, the cleanest version of the story is that something unusual showed up in the scans beside the Great Pyramid, and archaeologists still don’t know exactly what it is.

This Western Cemetery study is separate from viral claims about enormous hidden structures beneath the Pyramid of Khafre, which Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass publicly rejected in 2025. The GPR/ERT study near the Great Pyramid is peer-reviewed and real—but it’s also unresolved.