Your TV probably looks pretty good, but it can look better. By changing a few picture settings, you can significantly improve the image quality, making it look more natural, realistic and closer to what the creators of your favorite shows and movies intended. Even the best TVs need some adjustment once they're out of the box. While the initial setup process will get you close to the right settings, a few tweaks that only take a few minutes can really improve the picture.  

To start, even just changing your TV's picture mode can result in huge improvements. Don't worry about messing anything up: There's nothing you can do in the menus that can't be easily reset, and you won't damage your TV. Adjusting a TV's settings is actually the first step we take here at CNET during our TV review process of a device. We immediately dive into the menus to adjust the picture settings so that the televisions we're testing have optimal picture quality. 

Specific TV brand advice

Before we dive in, here's an overview of the important settings to adjust. It explains in detail what the various settings do and how they can improve your TV's picture quality. This guide covers all TVs, but that also means it doesn't dive into the specifics of each brand beyond what some settings are called. Which is to say, this guide should cover you no matter what TV you have, but if you want more specific advice for the TV you own, we also have brand-specific guides. This guide should have you covered, but if you have more questions, also check these other TV settings guides on CNET:

• Hisense settings
• Samsung settings
• Sony settings
• TCL settings
• Vizio settings

Start with the right picture mode

As mentioned above, the names for each setting can vary a little between companies. What Samsung calls something might be different than what Sony or TCL call it. It should be fairly easy to see if the setting you're changing has the effect that I've described here. 

Your TV's picture mode has the greatest impact on overall picture quality. This one setting controls a group of adjustments that change the overall "look" of your TV. If you've never changed this setting, your TV is likely still in its default mode, typically labeled as Standard, Vivid, Dynamic, Bright or something similar. The TV is usually at its least accurate in this mode, with typically blown-out colors and image "enhancing" features that might catch the eye on a shelf in a store, but at home can make the TV look worse than it could. 

A good place to start is switching to the picture mode called Cinema, Calibrated or Filmmaker. Samsung calls it Movie mode. These will dial back some of the picture's more garish aspects. At first, the TV might even look soft or too warm ("reddish"). I'll discuss below why that is, but for now, trust that you're actually seeing more fine detail, and the image is more lifelike. You may find that the TV's picture is good enough now without any further adjustment, and that's great! You can stop reading right now. 

Read more: What's the Best Picture Mode?

If you want to fine-tune the image, you may need to move on to more specific controls. Some of the most important, at least from a TV reviewer's perspective, are brightness, color temperature and motion smoothing. For gamers, there's also gaming mode. Let's continue.

Motion interpolation or smoothing (the soap opera effect)

• Controls how "smooth" the motion is by artificially creating new frames of video
• Too high, or even enabled at all, it can be annoying to some
• Too low and the TV might appear soft with motion, such as sports

As TV settings go, motion interpolation is a rather controversial topic. Many people, including film purists and pretty much everyone who works in Hollywood, hate it. It makes movies look like a cheap soap opera or a video you'd shoot on your phone. If you've ever looked at a new TV and just felt something was off, or the image just didn't look real (or "too" real), it's probably this setting. Some people like it, but a lot of people don't. Your new TV almost certainly has this feature turned on in non-Cinema or Movie modes. Turning it off might change how you feel about your purchase. Switching to Cinema or Movie modes will often turn this feature off, or at worst, switch it to its lowest setting. 

"Off" is preferred by most filmmakers for movies and scripted TV shows. Sports and other live TV can look smoother and more detailed with motion interpolation on.

Read more: This feature is why your TV looks weird. Here's how to turn it off.

Brightness or black level

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• Controls the black or dark parts of an image
• Too high will look flat and washed out
• Too low will erase detail in shadows and dark areas of the image

On most TVs, the brightness control doesn't actually control the TV's "brightness." Instead, it adjusts the darkness of the darkest parts of the image. Like with contrast, there's a fine line between too high and too low. In this case, too high and the image will appear washed out. Too low and all shadows will disappear into black. With some TVs, like many newer Sony models, this control is more correctly labeled Black Level. For some TVs, including newer Samsung models, you might need to enter Expert Settings before you can adjust this and other picture settings.

To set brightness, you're looking for the opposite type of content from contrast. Dark movies, like Aliens or The Dark Knight, are perfect for this. Some famously dark TV episodes might be too dark to use for this. For best results, pause the show or movie first.

Turn the Brightness control down until everything disappears into blackness (or something close). From there, turn it back up so you can see detail in everything, but the image doesn't look washed out. Another test for this is a darker scene with someone with long hair. The underside of their hair (I don't know what people with hair call it), away from the light, can be a good place to spot shadow detail. Another possibility is people wearing dark coats at night. You should be able to see the detail in the coat, not just a void with a head on top. Again, you might need to try a few different shows or movies to get it right.

Sharpness

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• Controls artificial edge enhancement, not image sharpness
• Too high erases image detail, adds a halo to fine lines
• Depending on the TV, set to 0, there's no effect, or a slight softening

Believe it or not, the sharpness control doesn't really improve sharpness. In a way, it improves apparent sharpness, but at the expense of actual fine detail and usually with additional noise. On nearly all TVs, the sharpness control adds "edge enhancement," artificially accentuating any edges the TV finds in the image. The problem is that doing this hides the actual details in the image, so the result looks more artificial with less actual detail.

So it may seem counterintuitive, but you should turn the sharpness control down. Way down. Some TVs look best with the control at 0. Others look best within the first 10% or so of this control's range. If you're used to how your TV looks with the sharpness control way up, as it typically is in the Dynamic or Vivid modes, it might appear soft at first when you turn it down. Find some high-quality 4K content, and you might be surprised how detailed it now looks. You should be able to find the sweet spot on your TV, looking closely for textures in clothing, wrinkles in faces, hair and beards, that kind of thing.

Most TVs, including Samsung, Sony, Roku, TCL and others, have additional picture "enhancement" features that function similarly to the Sharpness control. Turn them all off to start, and then enable them one by one to see what each does, before you decide if you like what they're doing to your image.

Read more: Why You Need to Turn Down Your TV's Sharpness Control

Game mode

• Reduces input lag, or how long it takes for your input to register onscreen
• Usually disables features that might make the image better
• Useful for any game that requires timing or aiming, especially online multiplayer

Input lag is how long it takes for you to press a button on a game controller and then to have an on-screen effect in the game. For many people, this delay, measured in milliseconds, isn't noticeable. For others, especially with certain types of games, it can make a massive difference. From jumping puzzles to pixel-perfect aim in a first-person shooter, getting the timing right in many games is crucial. 

Minimizing input lag, usually via a feature called game mode, can make a significant difference. If you've bought a new TV and suddenly your scores and rankings have dropped, this might be why. It's not something you want to leave enabled all the time, since it usually disables processing features that can improve the TV's picture quality.

Some TVs and consoles now support switching to this mode automatically.

Backlight or OLED light

• Controls the light intensity of the entire display
• Too high and it can cause headaches or eye strain, waste energy and, in some cases, cause premature wear on the TV
• Too low and the image is too dim and difficult to see

Nearly all TVs will have some control that adjusts the overall light output of the TV. It's usually labeled as the backlight control, or OLED light, or something similar. For example, on newer Sony TVs, this setting is labeled Brightness, and on Roku TVs, there are five settings (Brightest to Darkest) in addition to a backlight control. Most Samsung TVs have a backlight, as most are LED LCD, but some are QD-OLED and will have that control instead. Confusingly, sometimes it's called Brightness even though it controls something different than what the Brightness control does in the regular menu. Basically, make sure it's changing the brightness of the entire image, not just changing what's happening to shadows and other dark parts of the image.

You should adjust this setting based on room lighting and personal preference. Brighter rooms and daylight viewing will call for a higher setting, while home theater or nighttime viewing often looks better at a lower setting. On an LCD TV, a bright backlight can wash out the image somewhat and reduce contrast and pop, especially on models that lack full-array local dimming. 

The brighter the TV is, the more energy it will consume, if you're concerned about how much electricity you use. Higher brightness also makes OLED TVs somewhat more susceptible to image retention and burn-in -- although that's unlikely with typical viewing habits, even at maximum brightness. 

Read more: OLED Screen Burn-In: What You Need to Know

Contrast

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• Controls the white or bright parts of an image
• Too high will erase detail from clouds, snow and other bright objects
• Too low will look dim and flat

The contrast control adjusts how bright the bright parts of the image are. There is an upper limit, however. If you set the control too high, it "clips" the whites, making near-white details totally white. This effectively erases any detail in bright objects like clouds without making the image actually brighter.

To set contrast by eye, you'll need something with a lot of bright areas in the image. Baseball works pretty well for this -- a fly ball, pop fly, home runs, something with shots of the sky or something with clouds. Other sports like skiing, ice skating, and hockey, with their large patches of bright, nearly white surfaces, can also do the trick. What you're looking for is a bright image, but still with highlight detail. In other words, the bright areas of the image still have detail and aren't just awash in white. 

Once you've found something you think will work, turn the contrast control up until you start losing detail. Clouds will cease being clouds, and snow will just be glare. Now turn the control back down till you see the detail again. Somewhere in this range will be ideal. Since all content is a little different, you might need to tweak it a bit as you watch other shows/movies.

Don't want to mess with all that? Just leave it at the default for the Cinema or with Samsung and some others, the Movie setting.

Color and tint

• Controls color saturation and red-green shift, respectively
• It's a holdover from the analog TV days
• Generally will be correct, or close enough, out of the box

Generally, the color and tint controls will be reasonably close to correct out of the box, especially in Cinema or Movie mode. You can experiment with their effects, but it's rare that they're off by more than one or two steps in either direction. To accurately set these, you need a blue color filter. Setup discs will typically come with the correct blue filter and the test patterns you'll need to use to fine-tune these settings.

Color temperature or white balance

• Controls how "warm" or "cool" the image looks
• Too high and the image will be too blue ("cool")
• Too low and the image will be too red ("warm")

Color temperature is a difficult one. Your brain gets used to the color temp of your TV, so if you change it, it's going to seem "wrong." In fact, this is probably the first thing you'll notice if you switch to the Cinema or Movie mode. It's going to look too warm or "reddish." On most TVs, this is actually the most accurate and lifelike. Your TV has been lying to you for years! 

Switch to your TV's warm color temperature mode and watch it for a few days. If it still seems off to you, try the standard mode. I promise the cool mode will look far too blue once you get used to warm.

Check out my article on color temp and why it matters for more info.

Further steps

While not picture-related, sound is crucial to enjoying a movie and shows. Your TV's sound is pretty bad; that's true for all modern TVs. But there are a few things you can do to improve it. A soundbar would be even better, though.

As mentioned above, the next step to fine-tuning your Samsung or other branded TV to perfection is getting a setup disc. The Spears & Munsil UHD disc is a great option because it gets you right to the patterns without any extraneous fluff (though you will need a 4K Blu-ray player). Alternatively, the Apple TV has a calibration routine built right into the set-top box. If you just want someone else to do it, ideally with specialized test equipment, see if there are any TV calibrators in your area.

Lastly, make sure any sources you have, like a streaming stick or a cable or satellite box, are set to your TV's resolution (4K for 4K TVs, etc). Generally speaking, they should do this automatically, but it's worth digging into the settings to be sure. Your 4K TV won't look its best without 4K content. You might need to pay for a higher tier to get that, depending on the service. 

Lastly, HDMI. Chances are, whatever HDMI cables you have are fine. If you try to send 4K from a media streamer and it doesn't work, it's possible your HDMI cables can't handle the additional resolution. But new HDMI cables are cheap. If your TV is getting the resolution you want from your sources, new HDMI cables won't make the image look or sound better, so you can save your money. 

For more, check out CNET's lists of the best 55-inch, 65-inch and 75-inch TVs you can buy. You can also take a look at the best TVs overall. 

In addition to covering audio and display tech, Geoff does photo tours of cool museums and locations around the world, including nuclear submarines, aircraft carriers, medieval castles, epic 10,000-mile road trips and more.

Also, check out Budget Travel for Dummies, his book, and his bestselling sci-fi novel about city-size submarines. You can follow him on Instagram and YouTube.