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Theoretical Limits of Language Model Alignment $f$-Divergence Regularized RLHF: Two Tales of Sampling and Unified Analyses A Unified Measure-Theoretic View of Diffusion, Score-Based, and Flow Matching Generative Models When Can Voting Help, Hurt, or Change Course? Exact Structure of Binary Test-Time Aggregation When Semantic Communication Meets Queueing: Cross-Layer Latency and Task Fidelity Optimization Convexity in Disguise: A Theoretical Framework for Nonconvex Low-Rank Matrix Estimation Conditional Diffusion Under Linear Constraints: Langevin Mixing and Information-Theoretic Guarantees Sharp Capacity Thresholds in Linear Associative Memory: From Winner-Take-All to Listwise Retrieval Expert Routing for Communication-Efficient MoE via Finite Expert Banks Contextual Memory-Enhanced Source Coding for Low-SNR Communications Realizable Bayes-Consistency for General Metric Losses Leveraging Code Automorphisms for Improved Syndrome-Based Neural Decoding A Hierarchical Sampling Framework for bounding the Generalization Error of Federated Learning Dueling DDQN-Based Adaptive Multi-Objective Handover Optimization for LEO Satellite Networks The Causal Description Gap: Information-Theoretic Separations Across Pearl's Hierarchy Optimization of CV-QKD Under Practical Constraints Benchmarking Wireless Representations: High-Dimensional vs. Compressed Embeddings for Efficiency and Robustness Real-Time Text Transmission via LLM-Based Entropy Coding over Fixed-Rate Channels SwiftChannel: Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design for Deep Learning-Based 5G Channel Estimation Evolving Token Communication with Parametric Memory Network Remote Action Generation: Remote Control with Minimal Communication The (Marginal) Value of a Search Ad: An Online Causal Framework for Repeated Second-price Auctions Stabilizing Private LASSO under Heterogeneous Covariates via Anisotropic Objective Perturbation Linear-Readout Floors and Threshold Recovery in Computation in Superposition Soft Graph Diffusion Transformer for MIMO Detection Hierarchical Federated Learning for Networked AI: From Communication Saving to Architecture-Aware Design Exponential families from a single KL identity MIFair: A Mutual-Information Framework for Intersectionality and Multiclass Fairness Diffusion-OAMP for Joint Image Compression and Wireless Transmission Decoupled Descent: Exact Test Error Tracking Via Approximate Message Passing Why Self-Supervised Encoders Want to Be Normal Statistical Channel Fingerprint Construction for Massive MIMO: A Unified Tensor Learning Framework Adaptive Transform Coding for Semantic Compression Lightweight Quantum Agent for Edge Systems: Joint PQC and NOMA Resource Allocation Rethinking KV Cache Eviction via a Unified Information-Theoretic Objective Information bottleneck for learning the phase space of dynamics from high-dimensional experimental data MEG-RAG: Quantifying Multi-modal Evidence Grounding for Evidence Selection in RAG Generalising maximum mean discrepancy: kernelised functional Bregman divergences Improving Robustness of Tabular Retrieval via Representational Stability Information-Theoretic Measures in AI: A Practical Decision Guide A Unified Fractional Regularization Framework for Sparse Recovery Shape of Memory: a Geometric Analysis of Machine Unlearning in Second-Order Optimizers The Exact Replica Threshold for Nonlinear Moments of Quantum States Semantic Error Correction and Decoding for Short Block Codes Null-Space Flow Matching for MIMO Channel Estimation in Latency-Constrained Systems Directional Confusions Reveal Divergent Inductive Biases Through Rate-Distortion Geometry in Human and Machine Vision MambaCSP: Hybrid-Attention State Space Models for Hardware-Efficient Channel State Prediction Amortized Vine Copulas for High-Dimensional Density and Information Estimation Decentralized Machine Learning with Centralized Performance Guarantees via Gibbs Algorithms Secure Rate-Distortion-Perception: A Randomized Distributed Function Computation Approach for Realism RateQuant: Optimal Mixed-Precision KV Cache Quantization via Rate-Distortion Theory FB-NLL: A Feature-Based Approach to Tackle Noisy Labels in Personalized Federated Learning Ultrametric OGP - 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Calibrating Noise to Variance in Adaptive Data Analysis
Vitaly Feldman, Thomas Steinke · 2017-12-20 · via cs.IT updates on arXiv.org

Datasets are often used multiple times and each successive analysis may depend on the outcome of previous analyses. Standard techniques for ensuring generalization and statistical validity do not account for this adaptive dependence. A recent line of work studies the challenges that arise from such adaptive data reuse by considering the problem of answering a sequence of "queries" about the data distribution where each query may depend arbitrarily on answers to previous queries. The strongest results obtained for this problem rely on differential privacy -- a strong notion of algorithmic stability with the important property that it "composes" well when data is reused. However the notion is rather strict, as it requires stability under replacement of an arbitrary data element. The simplest algorithm is to add Gaussian (or Laplace) noise to distort the empirical answers. However, analysing this technique using differential privacy yields suboptimal accuracy guarantees when the queries have low variance. Here we propose a relaxed notion of stability that also composes adaptively. We demonstrate that a simple and natural algorithm based on adding noise scaled to the standard deviation of the query provides our notion of stability. This implies an algorithm that can answer statistical queries about the dataset with substantially improved accuracy guarantees for low-variance queries. The only previous approach that provides such accuracy guarantees is based on a more involved differentially private median-of-means algorithm and its analysis exploits stronger "group" stability of the algorithm.