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Theoretical Limits of Language Model Alignment $f$-Divergence Regularized RLHF: Two Tales of Sampling and Unified Analyses A Unified Measure-Theoretic View of Diffusion, Score-Based, and Flow Matching Generative Models When Can Voting Help, Hurt, or Change Course? Exact Structure of Binary Test-Time Aggregation When Semantic Communication Meets Queueing: Cross-Layer Latency and Task Fidelity Optimization Convexity in Disguise: A Theoretical Framework for Nonconvex Low-Rank Matrix Estimation Conditional Diffusion Under Linear Constraints: Langevin Mixing and Information-Theoretic Guarantees Sharp Capacity Thresholds in Linear Associative Memory: From Winner-Take-All to Listwise Retrieval Expert Routing for Communication-Efficient MoE via Finite Expert Banks Contextual Memory-Enhanced Source Coding for Low-SNR Communications Realizable Bayes-Consistency for General Metric Losses Leveraging Code Automorphisms for Improved Syndrome-Based Neural Decoding A Hierarchical Sampling Framework for bounding the Generalization Error of Federated Learning Dueling DDQN-Based Adaptive Multi-Objective Handover Optimization for LEO Satellite Networks The Causal Description Gap: Information-Theoretic Separations Across Pearl's Hierarchy Optimization of CV-QKD Under Practical Constraints Benchmarking Wireless Representations: High-Dimensional vs. Compressed Embeddings for Efficiency and Robustness Real-Time Text Transmission via LLM-Based Entropy Coding over Fixed-Rate Channels SwiftChannel: Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design for Deep Learning-Based 5G Channel Estimation Evolving Token Communication with Parametric Memory Network Remote Action Generation: Remote Control with Minimal Communication The (Marginal) Value of a Search Ad: An Online Causal Framework for Repeated Second-price Auctions Stabilizing Private LASSO under Heterogeneous Covariates via Anisotropic Objective Perturbation Linear-Readout Floors and Threshold Recovery in Computation in Superposition Soft Graph Diffusion Transformer for MIMO Detection Hierarchical Federated Learning for Networked AI: From Communication Saving to Architecture-Aware Design Exponential families from a single KL identity MIFair: A Mutual-Information Framework for Intersectionality and Multiclass Fairness Diffusion-OAMP for Joint Image Compression and Wireless Transmission Decoupled Descent: Exact Test Error Tracking Via Approximate Message Passing
Radio-PPG: photoplethysmogram digital twin synthesis usin...
Israel Jesus Santos Filho, Muhammad Mahboob Ur Rahman, Taous-Mer · 2025-09-26 · via cs.IT updates on arXiv.org

Digital twins for 1D bio-signals enable real-time monitoring of physiological processes of a person, which enables early disease diagnosis and personalized treatment. This work introduces a novel non-contact method for digital twin (DT) photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal synthesis under the umbrella of 6G/WiFi integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems. We employ a software-defined radio (SDR) operating at 5.23 GHz that illuminates the chest of a nearby person with a wideband 6G/WiFi signal and collects the reflected signals. This allows us to acquire Radio-PPG dataset that consists of 300 minutes worth of near synchronous 64-channel radio data, PPG data, along with the labels (three body vitals) of 30 healthy subjects. With this, we test two artificial intelligence (AI) models for DT-PPG signal synthesis: i) discrete cosine transform followed by a multi-layer perceptron, ii) two U-NET models (Approximation network, Refinement network) in cascade, along with a custom loss function. Experimental results indicate that U-NET model achieves an impressive relative mean absolute error of 0.194 with a small ISAC sensing overhead of 15.62%, for DT-PPG synthesis. Furthermore, we performed quality assessment of the synthetic DT-PPG by computing the accuracy of DT-PPG-based vitals estimation and feature extraction, which turned out to be at par with that of reference PPG-based vitals estimation and feature extraction. This work highlights the potential of generative AI and 6G/WiFi ISAC technologies and serves as a foundational step towards the development of non-contact screening tools for covid-19, cardiovascular diseases and well-being assessment of people with special needs.