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Theoretical Limits of Language Model Alignment $f$-Divergence Regularized RLHF: Two Tales of Sampling and Unified Analyses A Unified Measure-Theoretic View of Diffusion, Score-Based, and Flow Matching Generative Models When Can Voting Help, Hurt, or Change Course? Exact Structure of Binary Test-Time Aggregation When Semantic Communication Meets Queueing: Cross-Layer Latency and Task Fidelity Optimization Convexity in Disguise: A Theoretical Framework for Nonconvex Low-Rank Matrix Estimation Conditional Diffusion Under Linear Constraints: Langevin Mixing and Information-Theoretic Guarantees Sharp Capacity Thresholds in Linear Associative Memory: From Winner-Take-All to Listwise Retrieval Expert Routing for Communication-Efficient MoE via Finite Expert Banks Contextual Memory-Enhanced Source Coding for Low-SNR Communications Realizable Bayes-Consistency for General Metric Losses Leveraging Code Automorphisms for Improved Syndrome-Based Neural Decoding A Hierarchical Sampling Framework for bounding the Generalization Error of Federated Learning Dueling DDQN-Based Adaptive Multi-Objective Handover Optimization for LEO Satellite Networks The Causal Description Gap: Information-Theoretic Separations Across Pearl's Hierarchy Optimization of CV-QKD Under Practical Constraints Benchmarking Wireless Representations: High-Dimensional vs. Compressed Embeddings for Efficiency and Robustness Real-Time Text Transmission via LLM-Based Entropy Coding over Fixed-Rate Channels SwiftChannel: Algorithm-Hardware Co-Design for Deep Learning-Based 5G Channel Estimation Evolving Token Communication with Parametric Memory Network Remote Action Generation: Remote Control with Minimal Communication The (Marginal) Value of a Search Ad: An Online Causal Framework for Repeated Second-price Auctions Stabilizing Private LASSO under Heterogeneous Covariates via Anisotropic Objective Perturbation Linear-Readout Floors and Threshold Recovery in Computation in Superposition Soft Graph Diffusion Transformer for MIMO Detection Hierarchical Federated Learning for Networked AI: From Communication Saving to Architecture-Aware Design Exponential families from a single KL identity MIFair: A Mutual-Information Framework for Intersectionality and Multiclass Fairness Diffusion-OAMP for Joint Image Compression and Wireless Transmission Decoupled Descent: Exact Test Error Tracking Via Approximate Message Passing
Distribution of the Scaled Condition Number of Single-spi...
Pasan Dissanayake, Prathapasinghe Dharmawansa, Yang Chen · 2021-05-12 · via cs.IT updates on arXiv.org

Let $\mathbf{X}\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times m}$ ($m\geq n$) be a random matrix with independent columns each distributed as complex multivariate Gaussian with zero mean and {\it single-spiked} covariance matrix $\mathbf{I}_n+ η\mathbf{u}\mathbf{u}^*$, where $\mathbf{I}_n$ is the $n\times n$ identity matrix, {\color{blue}$\mathbf{u}\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times 1}$} is an arbitrary vector with unit Euclidean norm, $η\geq 0$ is a non-random parameter, and $(\cdot)^*$ represents the conjugate-transpose. This paper investigates the distribution of the random quantity $κ_{\text{SC}}^2(\mathbf{X})=\sum_{k=1}^n λ_k/λ_1$, where {\color{blue}$0\le λ_1\le λ_2\le \ldots\leq λ_n<\infty$} are the ordered eigenvalues of $\mathbf{X}\mathbf{X}^*$ (i.e., single-spiked Wishart matrix). This random quantity is intimately related to the so called {\it scaled condition number} or the Demmel condition number (i.e., $κ_{\text{SC}}(\mathbf{X})$) and the minimum eigenvalue of the fixed trace Wishart-Laguerre ensemble (i.e., $κ_{\text{SC}}^{-2}(\mathbf{X})$). In particular, we use an orthogonal polynomial approach to derive an exact expression for the probability density function of $κ_{\text{SC}}^2(\mathbf{X})$ which is amenable to asymptotic analysis as matrix dimensions grow large. Our asymptotic results reveal that, as $m,n\to\infty$ such that $m-n$ is fixed and when $η$ scales on the order of $1/n$, $κ_{\text{SC}}^2(\mathbf{X})$ scales on the order of $n^3$. In this respect we establish simple closed-form expressions for the limiting distributions. {\color{blue}It turns out that, as $m,n\to\infty$ such that $n/m\to c\in(0,1)$, properly centered $κ_{\text{SC}}^{2}(\mathbf{X})$ fluctuates on the scale $m^{\frac{1}{3}}$}.