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cs.IT updates on arXiv.org

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Reward-Mixing MDPs with a Few Latent Contexts are Learnable
Jeongyeol Kwon, Yonathan Efroni, Constantine Caramanis, Shie Man · 2022-10-06 · via cs.IT updates on arXiv.org

We consider episodic reinforcement learning in reward-mixing Markov decision processes (RMMDPs): at the beginning of every episode nature randomly picks a latent reward model among $M$ candidates and an agent interacts with the MDP throughout the episode for $H$ time steps. Our goal is to learn a near-optimal policy that nearly maximizes the $H$ time-step cumulative rewards in such a model. Previous work established an upper bound for RMMDPs for $M=2$. In this work, we resolve several open questions remained for the RMMDP model. For an arbitrary $M\ge2$, we provide a sample-efficient algorithm--$\texttt{EM}^2$--that outputs an $ε$-optimal policy using $\tilde{O} \left(ε^{-2} \cdot S^d A^d \cdot \texttt{poly}(H, Z)^d \right)$ episodes, where $S, A$ are the number of states and actions respectively, $H$ is the time-horizon, $Z$ is the support size of reward distributions and $d=\min(2M-1,H)$. Our technique is a higher-order extension of the method-of-moments based approach, nevertheless, the design and analysis of the \algname algorithm requires several new ideas beyond existing techniques. We also provide a lower bound of $(SA)^{Ω(\sqrt{M})} / ε^{2}$ for a general instance of RMMDP, supporting that super-polynomial sample complexity in $M$ is necessary.