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cs.IR updates on arXiv.org

From Top-1 to Top-K: A Reproducibility Study and Benchmarking of Counterfactual Explanations for Recommender Systems Impact of large language models on peer review opinions from a fine-grained perspective: Evidence from top conference proceedings in AI Diagnosable ColBERT: Debugging Late-Interaction Retrieval Models Using a Learned Latent Space as Reference Enhancing Unsupervised Keyword Extraction in Academic Papers through Integrating Highlights with Abstract CAST: Modeling Semantic-Level Transitions for Complementary-Aware Sequential Recommendation IndiaFinBench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Model Performance on Indian Financial Regulatory Text Think Before Writing: Feature-Level Multi-Objective Optimization for Generative Citation Visibility RARE: Redundancy-Aware Retrieval Evaluation Framework for High-Similarity Corpora Personalized Benchmarking: Evaluating LLMs by Individual Preferences Modular Representation Compression: Adapting LLMs for Efficient and Effective Recommendations JFinTEB: Japanese Financial Text Embedding Benchmark UsefulBench: Towards Decision-Useful Information as a Target for Information Retrieval SIMMER: Cross-Modal Food Image--Recipe Retrieval via MLLM-Based Embedding Rethinking the Necessity of Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation through the Lens of Adaptive Listwise Ranking BioHiCL: Hierarchical Multi-Label Contrastive Learning for Biomedical Retrieval with MeSH Labels Learning Behaviorally Grounded Item Embeddings via Personalized Temporal Contexts Collaborative Filtering Through Weighted Similarities of User and Item Embeddings IG-Search: Step-Level Information Gain Rewards for Search-Augmented Reasoning Metric-agnostic Learning-to-Rank via Boosting and Rank Approximation GenRec: A Preference-Oriented Generative Framework for Large-Scale Recommendation Uncertainty-aware Generative Learning Path Recommendation with Cognition-Adaptive Diffusion CPGRec+: A Balance-oriented Framework for Personalized Video Game Recommendations Don't Retrieve, Navigate: Distilling Enterprise Knowledge into Navigable Agent Skills for QA and RAG NewsTorch: A PyTorch-based Toolkit for Learner-oriented News Recommendation Controlling Authority Retrieval: A Missing Retrieval Objective for Authority-Governed Knowledge APEX-MEM: Agentic Semi-Structured Memory with Temporal Reasoning for Long-Term Conversational AI ID and Graph View Contrastive Learning with Multi-View Attention Fusion for Sequential Recommendation Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends Dual-Enhancement Product Bundling: Bridging Interactive Graph and Large Language Model Evaluation of Agents under Simulated AI Marketplace Dynamics
The Pre-Training Study of Expanded-SPLADE Models on Web D...
Hiun Kim, Tae Kwan Lee, Taeryun Won · 2026-05-02 · via cs.IR updates on arXiv.org

Masked Language Modeling (MLM) pre-training is one of the primary ways to initialize Neural Information Retrieval (IR) models prior to retrieval fine-tuning. However, studies show that MLM pre-trained models have limited readiness and transfer learning issues for fine-tuning them into Neural Bi-Encoder models. This paper studies the effect of different pre-training datasets and pre-training options on the MLM pre-trained models for retrieval fine-tuning. The study focuses on the SPLADE-style model, which uses the MLM layer also at fine-tuning time. More specifically, we experimented with Expanded-SPLADE (ESPLADE) models, a specific instance of SPLADE models, and in-house web document titles are used as datasets. Pre-training, fine-tuning, and evaluation with optional test-time pruning of sparse vectors are conducted. Our observations are three-fold: First, fine-tuned models of higher retrieval effectiveness at both unpruned and most strict pruned settings are mostly pre-trained on a general corpus, and pre-trained with a higher learning rate, showing lower MLM accuracies. Second, in the most strict pruned setting, those models show higher-level retrieval cost and a higher variance in the length of the individual postings list. Third, the repetition of the general pre-training dataset does not have much effect on retrieval effectiveness. The experimentation empirically identifies the potential limitations for aligning MLM pre-training to ESPLADE fine-tuning. Also, the experimentation provides an empirical observation that, at most strict pruned settings, the retrieval effectiveness is better maintained by the higher-level retrieval cost, showing the trade-off relationship between the two in our setting.