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Treillis de concepts et ontologies pour l'interrogation d...
2005-06-06 · via cs.IR updates on arXiv.org

Bioinformatic data sources available on the web are multiple and heterogenous. The lack of documentation and the difficulty of interaction with these data sources require users competence in both informatics and biological fields for an optimal use of sources contents that remain rather under exploited. In this paper we present an approach based on formal concept analysis to classify and search relevant bioinformatic data sources for a given query. It consists in building the concept lattice from the binary relation between bioinformatic data sources and their associated metadata. The concept built from a given query is then merged into the concept lattice. The result is given by the extraction of the set of sources belonging to the extents of the query concept subsumers in the resulting concept lattice. The sources ranking is given by the concept specificity order in the concept lattice. An improvement of the approach consists in automatic query refinement thanks to domain ontologies. Two forms of refinement are possible by generalisation and by specialisation. ----- Les sources de données biologiques disponibles sur le web sont multiples et hétérogènes. L'utilisation optimale de ces ressources nécessite aujourd'hui de la part des utilisateurs des compétences à la fois en informatique et en biologie, du fait du manque de documentation et des difficultés d'interaction avec les sources de données. De fait, les contenus de ces ressources restent souvent sous-exploités. Nous présentons ici une approche basée sur l'analyse de concepts formels, pour organiser et rechercher des sources de données biologiques pertinentes pour une requête donnée. Le travail consiste à construire un treillis de concepts à partir des méta-données associées aux sources. Le concept construit à partir d'une requête donnée est alors intégré au treillis. La réponse à la requête est ensuite fournie par l'extraction des sources de données appartenant aux extensions des concepts subsumant le concept requête dans le treillis. Les sources ainsi retournées peuvent être triées selon l'ordre de spécificité des concepts dans le treillis. Une procédure de raffinement de requête, basée sur des ontologies du domaine, permet d'améliorer le rappel par généralisation ou par spécialisation