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cs.IR updates on arXiv.org

From Top-1 to Top-K: A Reproducibility Study and Benchmarking of Counterfactual Explanations for Recommender Systems Impact of large language models on peer review opinions from a fine-grained perspective: Evidence from top conference proceedings in AI Diagnosable ColBERT: Debugging Late-Interaction Retrieval Models Using a Learned Latent Space as Reference Enhancing Unsupervised Keyword Extraction in Academic Papers through Integrating Highlights with Abstract CAST: Modeling Semantic-Level Transitions for Complementary-Aware Sequential Recommendation IndiaFinBench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Model Performance on Indian Financial Regulatory Text Think Before Writing: Feature-Level Multi-Objective Optimization for Generative Citation Visibility RARE: Redundancy-Aware Retrieval Evaluation Framework for High-Similarity Corpora Personalized Benchmarking: Evaluating LLMs by Individual Preferences Modular Representation Compression: Adapting LLMs for Efficient and Effective Recommendations JFinTEB: Japanese Financial Text Embedding Benchmark UsefulBench: Towards Decision-Useful Information as a Target for Information Retrieval SIMMER: Cross-Modal Food Image--Recipe Retrieval via MLLM-Based Embedding Rethinking the Necessity of Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation through the Lens of Adaptive Listwise Ranking BioHiCL: Hierarchical Multi-Label Contrastive Learning for Biomedical Retrieval with MeSH Labels Learning Behaviorally Grounded Item Embeddings via Personalized Temporal Contexts Collaborative Filtering Through Weighted Similarities of User and Item Embeddings IG-Search: Step-Level Information Gain Rewards for Search-Augmented Reasoning Metric-agnostic Learning-to-Rank via Boosting and Rank Approximation GenRec: A Preference-Oriented Generative Framework for Large-Scale Recommendation Uncertainty-aware Generative Learning Path Recommendation with Cognition-Adaptive Diffusion CPGRec+: A Balance-oriented Framework for Personalized Video Game Recommendations Don't Retrieve, Navigate: Distilling Enterprise Knowledge into Navigable Agent Skills for QA and RAG NewsTorch: A PyTorch-based Toolkit for Learner-oriented News Recommendation Controlling Authority Retrieval: A Missing Retrieval Objective for Authority-Governed Knowledge APEX-MEM: Agentic Semi-Structured Memory with Temporal Reasoning for Long-Term Conversational AI ID and Graph View Contrastive Learning with Multi-View Attention Fusion for Sequential Recommendation Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends Dual-Enhancement Product Bundling: Bridging Interactive Graph and Large Language Model Evaluation of Agents under Simulated AI Marketplace Dynamics
Lost in the Evidence? Reproducing Document Position and C...
Jorge Gabín, Anxo Perez, Javier Parapar · 2026-05-26 · via cs.IR updates on arXiv.org

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems rely on retrieved documents being concatenated into a model's input context, making both document ordering and context size critical yet controversial design choices. Prior work reports position-based effects such as lost in the middle and related long-context phenomena. However, empirical findings remain inconsistent and hard to reproduce across models, datasets, and evaluation protocols. In this paper, we present a systematic reproducibility study that revisits these claims and examines how they evolve with contemporary LLMs under a controlled evaluation framework. We first show that topic sampling is a major source of variance: small topic sets can mask or exaggerate ordering effects. Based on repeated subset sampling across multiple topic budgets, we provide a practical calibration procedure that identifies topic counts yielding stable trends at feasible cost. Using these fixed topic sets, we then reproduce and extend results on position sensitivity, re-evaluating lost in the middle and positional biases in modern LLMs. Then, we also study a more realistic RAG scenario in which relevance is mediated by a retriever rather than oracle access to ground-truth documents. In this setting, we re-examine a recent industry study and identify discrepancies to evaluation choices such as limited topic coverage and reliance on LLM-based judges. Finally, we conduct an analysis of how retrieval order and context size affect downstream LLM performance under imperfect retrieval. Our results demonstrate that both factors interact strongly with retrieval quality and model choice, and that conclusions drawn from idealised setups do not always transfer to real-world RAG pipelines. We release all code and configurations to support reproducibility and future work on robust RAG evaluation.