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From Top-1 to Top-K: A Reproducibility Study and Benchmarking of Counterfactual Explanations for Recommender Systems Impact of large language models on peer review opinions from a fine-grained perspective: Evidence from top conference proceedings in AI Diagnosable ColBERT: Debugging Late-Interaction Retrieval Models Using a Learned Latent Space as Reference Enhancing Unsupervised Keyword Extraction in Academic Papers through Integrating Highlights with Abstract CAST: Modeling Semantic-Level Transitions for Complementary-Aware Sequential Recommendation IndiaFinBench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Model Performance on Indian Financial Regulatory Text Think Before Writing: Feature-Level Multi-Objective Optimization for Generative Citation Visibility RARE: Redundancy-Aware Retrieval Evaluation Framework for High-Similarity Corpora Personalized Benchmarking: Evaluating LLMs by Individual Preferences Modular Representation Compression: Adapting LLMs for Efficient and Effective Recommendations JFinTEB: Japanese Financial Text Embedding Benchmark UsefulBench: Towards Decision-Useful Information as a Target for Information Retrieval SIMMER: Cross-Modal Food Image--Recipe Retrieval via MLLM-Based Embedding Rethinking the Necessity of Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation through the Lens of Adaptive Listwise Ranking BioHiCL: Hierarchical Multi-Label Contrastive Learning for Biomedical Retrieval with MeSH Labels Learning Behaviorally Grounded Item Embeddings via Personalized Temporal Contexts Collaborative Filtering Through Weighted Similarities of User and Item Embeddings IG-Search: Step-Level Information Gain Rewards for Search-Augmented Reasoning Metric-agnostic Learning-to-Rank via Boosting and Rank Approximation GenRec: A Preference-Oriented Generative Framework for Large-Scale Recommendation Uncertainty-aware Generative Learning Path Recommendation with Cognition-Adaptive Diffusion CPGRec+: A Balance-oriented Framework for Personalized Video Game Recommendations Don't Retrieve, Navigate: Distilling Enterprise Knowledge into Navigable Agent Skills for QA and RAG NewsTorch: A PyTorch-based Toolkit for Learner-oriented News Recommendation Controlling Authority Retrieval: A Missing Retrieval Objective for Authority-Governed Knowledge APEX-MEM: Agentic Semi-Structured Memory with Temporal Reasoning for Long-Term Conversational AI ID and Graph View Contrastive Learning with Multi-View Attention Fusion for Sequential Recommendation Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends Dual-Enhancement Product Bundling: Bridging Interactive Graph and Large Language Model Evaluation of Agents under Simulated AI Marketplace Dynamics
Causal-Counterfactual RAG: The Integration of Causal-Coun...
Harshad Khadilkar, Abhay Gupta · 2025-09-18 · via cs.IR updates on arXiv.org

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP), enabling diverse applications by integrating large-scale pre-trained knowledge. However, their static knowledge limits dynamic reasoning over external information, especially in knowledge-intensive domains. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this challenge by combining retrieval mechanisms with generative modeling to improve contextual understanding. Traditional RAG systems suffer from disrupted contextual integrity due to text chunking and over-reliance on semantic similarity for retrieval, often resulting in shallow and less accurate responses. We propose Causal-Counterfactual RAG, a novel framework that integrates explicit causal graphs representing cause-effect relationships into the retrieval process and incorporates counterfactual reasoning grounded on the causal structure. Unlike conventional methods, our framework evaluates not only direct causal evidence but also the counterfactuality of associated causes, combining results from both to generate more robust, accurate, and interpretable answers. By leveraging causal pathways and associated hypothetical scenarios, Causal-Counterfactual RAG preserves contextual coherence, reduces hallucination, and enhances reasoning fidelity.