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From Top-1 to Top-K: A Reproducibility Study and Benchmarking of Counterfactual Explanations for Recommender Systems Impact of large language models on peer review opinions from a fine-grained perspective: Evidence from top conference proceedings in AI Diagnosable ColBERT: Debugging Late-Interaction Retrieval Models Using a Learned Latent Space as Reference Enhancing Unsupervised Keyword Extraction in Academic Papers through Integrating Highlights with Abstract CAST: Modeling Semantic-Level Transitions for Complementary-Aware Sequential Recommendation IndiaFinBench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Model Performance on Indian Financial Regulatory Text Think Before Writing: Feature-Level Multi-Objective Optimization for Generative Citation Visibility RARE: Redundancy-Aware Retrieval Evaluation Framework for High-Similarity Corpora Personalized Benchmarking: Evaluating LLMs by Individual Preferences Modular Representation Compression: Adapting LLMs for Efficient and Effective Recommendations JFinTEB: Japanese Financial Text Embedding Benchmark UsefulBench: Towards Decision-Useful Information as a Target for Information Retrieval SIMMER: Cross-Modal Food Image--Recipe Retrieval via MLLM-Based Embedding Rethinking the Necessity of Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation through the Lens of Adaptive Listwise Ranking BioHiCL: Hierarchical Multi-Label Contrastive Learning for Biomedical Retrieval with MeSH Labels Learning Behaviorally Grounded Item Embeddings via Personalized Temporal Contexts Collaborative Filtering Through Weighted Similarities of User and Item Embeddings IG-Search: Step-Level Information Gain Rewards for Search-Augmented Reasoning Metric-agnostic Learning-to-Rank via Boosting and Rank Approximation GenRec: A Preference-Oriented Generative Framework for Large-Scale Recommendation Uncertainty-aware Generative Learning Path Recommendation with Cognition-Adaptive Diffusion CPGRec+: A Balance-oriented Framework for Personalized Video Game Recommendations Don't Retrieve, Navigate: Distilling Enterprise Knowledge into Navigable Agent Skills for QA and RAG NewsTorch: A PyTorch-based Toolkit for Learner-oriented News Recommendation Controlling Authority Retrieval: A Missing Retrieval Objective for Authority-Governed Knowledge APEX-MEM: Agentic Semi-Structured Memory with Temporal Reasoning for Long-Term Conversational AI ID and Graph View Contrastive Learning with Multi-View Attention Fusion for Sequential Recommendation Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends Dual-Enhancement Product Bundling: Bridging Interactive Graph and Large Language Model Evaluation of Agents under Simulated AI Marketplace Dynamics
Can David Beat Goliath? On Multi-Hop Reasoning with Resou...
Hojae Han, Heeyun Jung, Jongyoon Kim, Seung-won Hwang · 2026-01-29 · via cs.IR updates on arXiv.org

Multi-turn reasoning agents solve complex questions by decomposing them into intermediate retrieval or tool-use steps, for accumulating supporting evidence across turns. Meanwhile, with reinforcement learning (RL), training these agents rely on many on-policy rollouts and large training batches. Under realistic resource constraints that make dense exploration infeasible, each RL batch contains only few useful reasoning paths from the current policy. Existing approaches do not fully address this bottleneck: SFT-based initialization can overfit when annotated trajectories are scarce, retrieval-level rewards can assign credit to individual retrieved documents without directly optimizing coverage of the full evidence set, and expansion can waste rollouts from poorly chosen prefixes. We introduce David-GRPO, which improves small-batch learning by using information from both outside and inside the current policy: (i) expert bootstrapping injects a few off-policy expert trajectories into RL updates, and (ii) evidence-guided exploration turns on-policy partial successes into evidence-coverage scores and additional continuations. On agents up to 1.5B parameters trained on four RTX 3090 GPUs, David-GRPO improves over prior RL baselines under the same low-budget setting on six multi-hop QA benchmarks. The gains come with a behavioral shift: unlike prior low-budget RL baselines that often skip retrieval or stop after shallow search, David-GRPO learns to increase retrieval depth and evidence coverage.