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From Top-1 to Top-K: A Reproducibility Study and Benchmarking of Counterfactual Explanations for Recommender Systems Impact of large language models on peer review opinions from a fine-grained perspective: Evidence from top conference proceedings in AI Diagnosable ColBERT: Debugging Late-Interaction Retrieval Models Using a Learned Latent Space as Reference Enhancing Unsupervised Keyword Extraction in Academic Papers through Integrating Highlights with Abstract CAST: Modeling Semantic-Level Transitions for Complementary-Aware Sequential Recommendation IndiaFinBench: An Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Model Performance on Indian Financial Regulatory Text Think Before Writing: Feature-Level Multi-Objective Optimization for Generative Citation Visibility RARE: Redundancy-Aware Retrieval Evaluation Framework for High-Similarity Corpora Personalized Benchmarking: Evaluating LLMs by Individual Preferences Modular Representation Compression: Adapting LLMs for Efficient and Effective Recommendations JFinTEB: Japanese Financial Text Embedding Benchmark UsefulBench: Towards Decision-Useful Information as a Target for Information Retrieval SIMMER: Cross-Modal Food Image--Recipe Retrieval via MLLM-Based Embedding Rethinking the Necessity of Adaptive Retrieval-Augmented Generation through the Lens of Adaptive Listwise Ranking BioHiCL: Hierarchical Multi-Label Contrastive Learning for Biomedical Retrieval with MeSH Labels Learning Behaviorally Grounded Item Embeddings via Personalized Temporal Contexts Collaborative Filtering Through Weighted Similarities of User and Item Embeddings IG-Search: Step-Level Information Gain Rewards for Search-Augmented Reasoning Metric-agnostic Learning-to-Rank via Boosting and Rank Approximation GenRec: A Preference-Oriented Generative Framework for Large-Scale Recommendation Uncertainty-aware Generative Learning Path Recommendation with Cognition-Adaptive Diffusion CPGRec+: A Balance-oriented Framework for Personalized Video Game Recommendations Don't Retrieve, Navigate: Distilling Enterprise Knowledge into Navigable Agent Skills for QA and RAG NewsTorch: A PyTorch-based Toolkit for Learner-oriented News Recommendation Controlling Authority Retrieval: A Missing Retrieval Objective for Authority-Governed Knowledge APEX-MEM: Agentic Semi-Structured Memory with Temporal Reasoning for Long-Term Conversational AI ID and Graph View Contrastive Learning with Multi-View Attention Fusion for Sequential Recommendation Large Language Models to Enhance Business Process Modeling: Past, Present, and Future Trends Dual-Enhancement Product Bundling: Bridging Interactive Graph and Large Language Model Evaluation of Agents under Simulated AI Marketplace Dynamics
Purifying Multimodal Retrieval: Fragment-Level Evidence S...
Xihang Wang, Zihan Wang, Chengkai Huang, Cao Liu, Ke Zeng, Quan · 2026-04-30 · via cs.IR updates on arXiv.org

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) is widely adopted for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with external evidence to reduce hallucinations. Despite its success, most existing MRAG frameworks treat retrieved evidence as indivisible documents, implicitly assuming that all content within a document is equally informative. In practice, however, sometimes only a small fraction of a document is relevant to a given query, while the remaining content introduces substantial noise that may lead to performance degradation. We address this fundamental limitation by reframing MRAG as a fine-grained evidence selection problem. We propose Fragment-level Evidence Selection for RAG (FES-RAG), a framework that selects atomic multimodal fragments rather than entire documents as grounding evidence. FES-RAG decomposes retrieved multimodal documents into sentence-level textual fragments and region-level visual fragments, enabling precise identification of evidence that directly supports generation. To guide fragment selection, we introduce Fragment Information Gain (FIG), a principled metric that measures the marginal contribution of each fragment to the MLLM's generation confidence. Based on FIG, we distill fragment-level utility judgments from a high-capacity MLLM into a lightweight selector, achieving accurate evidence selection with low inference overhead. Experiments on the M2RAG benchmark show that FES-RAG consistently outperforms state-of-the-art document-level MRAG methods, achieving up to 27 percent relative improvement in CIDEr. By selecting fewer yet more informative fragments, our approach substantially reduces context length while improving factual accuracy and generation coherence.