The proliferation of connected vehicles along with the high demand for rich multimedia services constitute key challenges for the emerging 5G-enabled vehicular networks. These challenges include, but are not limited to, high spectral efficiency and low latency requirements. Recently, the integration of cache-enabled networks with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been shown to reduce the content delivery time and traffic congestion in wireless networks. Ac-cordingly, in this article, we envisage cache-aided NOMA as a technology facilitator for 5G-enabled vehicular networks. In particular, we present a cache-aided NOMA architecture, which can address some of the aforementioned challenges in these networks. We demonstrate that the spectral efficiency gain of the proposed architecture, which depends largely on the cached contents, significantly outperforms that of conventional vehicular networks. Finally, we provide deep insights into the challenges, opportunities, and future research trends that will enable the practical realization of cache-aided NOMA in 5G-enabled vehicular networks.