Lightning is a natural phenomenon that takes place all around the world. The enormous amount of energy released by lightning is extremely ruinous, so some suitable protection schemes are required for power systems to minimize its destructive effects. Given that the lightning surge passes through the transmission line, the destruction caused by lightning would not always happen at the strike point. Hence, the failure could take place at a point far from the striking point. This paper investigates factors affecting the transition of lightning surges through underground cables. These cables are utilized to supply a sub-transmission substation whose repeated cable failures have imposed enormous costs to regional electric distribution companies. To obtain reliable results, the highly capable software of EMTP was employed to calculate transient phenomena. In addition, various scenarios were simulated to identify the effects of some factors, including the effectiveness of surge arresters, bus-coupler switches, the grounding resistance of sheaths, and the like, on the susceptibility of the studied substation. Based on simulation results, the effects of the grounding resistance of cable sheaths at terminations and along the cable are significant.