We consider the problem of sparse channel estimation in massive multiple-input multiple-output systems. In this context, we propose an enhanced version of the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework, referred to as enhanced SBL (E-SBL), which is based on a reparameterization of the original SBL model. Specifically, we introduce a scale vector that brings extra flexibility to the model, which is estimated along with the other unknowns. Moreover, we introduce a variant of E-SBL, referred to as modified E-SBL (M-E-SBL), which is based on a computationally more efficient parameter estimation. We compare the proposed E-SBL and M-E-SBL with the baseline SBL and with a method based on variational message passing (VMP) in terms of computational complexity and performance. Numerical results show that the proposed E-SBL and M-E-SBL outperform the baseline SBL and VMP in terms of mean squared error of the channel estimation in all the considered scenarios. Furthermore, we show that M-E-SBL produces results comparable with E-SBL with considerably cheaper computations.