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What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
Heavy-tailed $p$-value combinations from the perspective ...
Yeonwoo Rho · 2024-02-06 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

Handling multiplicity without losing much power has been a persistent challenge in various fields that often face the necessity of managing numerous statistical tests simultaneously. Recently, $p$-value combination methods based on heavy-tailed distributions, such as a Cauchy distribution, have received much attention for their ability to handle multiplicity without the prescribed knowledge of the dependence structure. This paper delves into these types of $p$-value combinations through the lens of extreme value theory. Distributions with regularly varying tails, a subclass of heavy tail distributions, are found to be useful in constructing such $p$-value combinations. Three $p$-value combination statistics (sum, max cumulative sum, and max) are introduced, of which left tail probabilities are shown to be approximately uniform when the global null is true. The primary objective of this paper is to bridge the gap between current developments in $p$-value combination methods and the literature on extreme value theory, while also offering guidance on selecting the calibrator and its associated parameters.