The trimmed mean of $n$ scalar random variables from a distribution $P$ is the variant of the standard sample mean where the $k$ smallest and $k$ largest values in the sample are discarded for some parameter $k$. In this paper, we look at the finite-sample properties of the trimmed mean as an estimator for the mean of $P$. Assuming finite variance, we prove that the trimmed mean is ``sub-Gaussian'' in the sense of achieving Gaussian-type concentration around the mean. Under slightly stronger assumptions, we show the left and right tails of the trimmed mean satisfy a strong ratio-type approximation by the corresponding Gaussian tail, even for very small probabilities of the order $e^{-n^c}$ for some $c>0$. In the more challenging setting of weaker moment assumptions and adversarial sample contamination, we prove that the trimmed mean is minimax-optimal up to constants.