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What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
An Exact Pointwise Characterization for Total Variation D...
Deep Ghoshal, Sabyasachi Chatterjee · 2026-05-02 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

Total variation denoising (TVD) is a classical method for denoising and curve fitting, yet an explicit pointwise description of its fitted values has only recently been established in the mean regression setting by arXiv:2410.03041v4. This raises the question of whether a similar representation holds for quantile regression. We answer this question affirmatively by deriving an exact minmax/maxmin representation for the quantile TVD estimator, providing a complete pointwise characterization of its solution set. Given that the quantile TVD estimator is generally non-unique, the existence of such a representation is perhaps surprising. We show that the set of admissible fitted values at any location forms a compact interval, whose endpoints are characterized exactly by minmax/maxmin functionals of local order statistics over nested intervals. We next develop several structural properties of the quantile TVD solution set. First, the solution set is closed under coordinatewise maximum and minimum, guaranteeing the existence of extremal elements -- upper and lower envelope solutions. Second, this reveals that quantile TVD is intrinsically non-crossing across quantile levels when a common tuning parameter is used. We prove this is driven by submodularity of the total variation penalty, and show that any penalized quantile regression estimator with a submodular penalty enjoys this property. From an estimation error perspective, our representation enables a refined pointwise analysis via a transparent local bias-variance decomposition, facilitating new pointwise risk bounds and near-optimal rates for locally Holder smooth functions. Our results hold under heavy-tailed noise (e.g., Cauchy) and substantially extend existing guarantees beyond locally constant signals. Altogether, these results advance the theory of quantile TV regression via exact pointwise min-max representations.