Ordinary differential equations have been used to model dynamical systems in a broad range. Model checking for parametric ordinary differential equations is a necessary step to check whether the assumed models are plausible. In this paper we introduce three test statistics for their different purposes. We first give a trajectory matching-based test for the whole system. To further identify which component function(s) would be wrongly modelled, we introduce two test statistics that are based on integral matching and gradient matching respectively. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the three test statistics under the null, global and local alternative hypothesis. To achieve these purposes, we also investigate the asymptotic properties of nonlinear least squares estimation and two-step collocation estimation under both the null and alternatives. The results about the estimations are also new in the literature. To examine the performances of the tests, we conduct several numerical simulations. A real data example about immune cell kinetics and trafficking for influenza infection is analyzed for illustration.