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What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
Asymptotics of the two-stage spatial sign correlation
Alexander Dürre, Daniel Vogel · 2015-06-09 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

The spatial sign correlation (Dürre, Vogel and Fried, 2015) is a highly robust and easy-to-compute, bivariate correlation estimator based on the spatial sign covariance matrix. Since the estimator is inefficient when the marginal scales strongly differ, a two-stage version was proposed. In the first step, the observations are marginally standardized by means of a robust scale estimator, and in the second step, the spatial sign correlation of the thus transformed data set is computed. Dürre et al. (2015) give some evidence that the asymptotic distribution of the two-stage estimator equals that of the spatial sign correlation at equal marginal scales by comparing their influence functions and presenting simulation results, but give no formal proof. In the present paper, we close this gap and establish the asymptotic normality of the two-stage spatial sign correlation and compute its asymptotic variance for elliptical population distributions. We further derive a variance-stabilizing transformation, similar to Fisher's z-transform, and numerically compare the small-sample coverage probabilities of several confidence intervals.