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Spectra of high-dimensional sparse random geometric graphs
[Submitted on 9 Jul 2025 (v1), last revised 13 Jul 2026 (this ve · 2025-07-09 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

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Abstract:We determine the limiting empirical spectral distribution of sparse high-dimensional random geometric graphs. The vertices are independent uniform points on the unit sphere $S^{d-1}$, and two vertices are joined when their inner product exceeds a threshold chosen to give edge density $p$. The edges therefore have the same marginal probabilities as in an Erdős--Rényi graph, but the latent geometry introduces dependence among them. We show that these correlations are asymptotically invisible to the global spectrum in two sparse regimes. If $p\to0$, $np\to\infty$, and $d=\Omega(np\log(1/p))$, then the empirical spectral distribution of $A/\sqrt{np}$ converges in probability to the semicircle law. If $p=\alpha/n$ for a fixed $\alpha>0$ and $d=\omega(\log n)$, then the empirical spectral distribution of $A/\sqrt{\alpha}$ converges in probability to the limiting spectral distribution of $\mathcal G(n,\alpha/n)$. The proof combines the moment method with a cluster expansion that decomposes geometric dependence into weak local interactions, allowing us to control every fixed walk pattern in the moment calculation.

Submission history

From: Yizhe Zhu [view email]
[v1] Wed, 9 Jul 2025 05:23:13 UTC (87 KB)
[v2] Thu, 6 Nov 2025 18:13:48 UTC (88 KB)
[v3] Sun, 8 Feb 2026 20:53:14 UTC (92 KB)
[v4] Tue, 10 Feb 2026 03:56:31 UTC (92 KB)
[v5] Mon, 13 Jul 2026 06:28:08 UTC (70 KB)

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