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What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
Spatial Confidence Regions for Piecewise Continuous Proce...
Thomas J. Maullin-Sapey, Fabian J. E. Telschow · 2025-11-11 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

In scientific disciplines such as neuroimaging, climatology, and cosmology it is useful to study the uncertainty of excursion sets of imaging data. While the case of imaging data obtained from a single study condition has already been intensively studied, confidence statements about the intersection, or union, of the excursion sets derived from different subject conditions have only been introduced recently. Such methods aim to model the images from different study conditions as asymptotically Gaussian random processes with differentiable sample paths. In this work, we remove the restricting condition of differentiability and only require continuity of the sample paths. This allows for a wider range of applications including many settings which cannot be treated with the existing theory. To achieve this, we introduce a novel notion of convergence on piecewise continuous functions over finite partitions. This notion is of interest in its own right, as it implies convergence results for maxima of sequences of piecewise continuous functions over sequences of sets. Generalizing well-known results such as the extended continuous mapping theorem, this novel convergence notion also allows us to construct for the first time confidence regions for mathematically challenging examples such as symmetric differences of excursion sets.