




















The inherent bias pathology of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method is confirmed for models with unknown parameters $θ$ and $ψ$ when MLE $\hat ψ$ is function of MLE $\hat θ.$ To reduce $\hat ψ$'s bias the likelihood equation to be solved for $ψ$ is updated using the model for the data $Y$ in it. Model updated (MU) MLE, $\hat ψ_{MU},$ often reduces either totally or partially $\hat ψ$'s bias when estimating shape parameter $ψ.$ For the Pareto model $\hat ψ_{MU}$ reduces also $\hat ψ$'s variance. The results explain the difference that puzzled R. A. Fisher, between biased $\hat ψ$ and the unbiased estimate he obtained for two models with the "2-stage procedure". MUMLE's implementation is equivalent to the abandoned 2-stage procedure thus justifying its use. MUMLE and Firth's bias correcting likelihood are also obtained with the Minimum Message Length method thus motivating its use in frequentist inference and, more generally, model updating with a prior distribution.
此内容由惯性聚合(RSS阅读器)自动聚合整理,仅供阅读参考。 原文来自 — 版权归原作者所有。