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Near-Optimal Bounds for Learning Gaussian Halfspaces with...
Ilias Diakonikolas, Jelena Diakonikolas, Daniel M. Kane, Puqian · 2023-07-14 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

We study the problem of learning general (i.e., not necessarily homogeneous) halfspaces with Random Classification Noise under the Gaussian distribution. We establish nearly-matching algorithmic and Statistical Query (SQ) lower bound results revealing a surprising information-computation gap for this basic problem. Specifically, the sample complexity of this learning problem is $\widetildeΘ(d/ε)$, where $d$ is the dimension and $ε$ is the excess error. Our positive result is a computationally efficient learning algorithm with sample complexity $\tilde{O}(d/ε+ d/(\max\{p, ε\})^2)$, where $p$ quantifies the bias of the target halfspace. On the lower bound side, we show that any efficient SQ algorithm (or low-degree test) for the problem requires sample complexity at least $Ω(d^{1/2}/(\max\{p, ε\})^2)$. Our lower bound suggests that this quadratic dependence on $1/ε$ is inherent for efficient algorithms.