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What is Learnable in Valiant's Theory of the Learnable? Learning Perturbations to Extrapolate Your LLM Byzantine-Robust Distributed Sparse Learning Revisited The Sample Complexity of Multiple Change Point Identification under Bandit Feedback A proximal gradient algorithm for composite log-concave sampling Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Approximation of Maximally Monotone Operators : A Graph Convergence Perspective Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces MIST: Reliable Streaming Decision Trees for Online Class-Incremental Learning via McDiarmid Bound A Spectral Framework for Closed-Form Relative Density Estimation Fast Rates for Offline Contextual Bandits with Forward-KL Regularization under Single-Policy Concentrability Higher-Order Equilibrium Tracking for EM-Compressible Online Estimation Scaling Limits of Long-Context Transformers A Note on Non-Negative $L_1$-Approximating Polynomials Susceptibilities and Patterning: A Primer on Linear Response in Bayesian Learning Linear Response Estimators for Singular Statistical Models Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey Robust stochastic first order methods in heavy-tailed noise via medoid mini-batch gradient sampling Every Feedforward Neural Network Definable in an o-Minimal Structure Has Finite Sample Complexity Adaptive auditing of AI systems with anytime-valid guarantees Locally Near Optimal Piecewise Linear Regression in High Dimensions via Difference of Max-Affine Functions Risk-Controlled Post-Processing of Decision Policies Covariate Balancing and Riesz Regression Should Be Guided by the Neyman Orthogonal Score in Debiased Machine Learning A Unified Pair-GRPO Family: From Implicit to Explicit Preference Constraints for Stable and General RL Alignment Time-Inhomogeneous Preconditioned Langevin Dynamics A Fine-Grained Understanding of Uniform Convergence for Halfspaces CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency Ratio-based Loss Functions Optimal Confidence Band for Kernel Gradient Flow Estimator A renormalization-group inspired lattice-based framework for piecewise generalized linear models
Kernel Angle Dependence Measures for Complex Objects
Yilin Zhang, Songshan Yang · 2022-06-03 · via math.ST updates on arXiv.org

Measuring and testing dependence between complex objects is of great importance in modern statistics. Most existing work relied on the distance between random variables, which inevitably required the moment conditions to guarantee the distance is well-defined. Based on the geometry element ``angle", we develop a novel class of nonlinear dependence measures for data in metric space that can avoid such conditions. Specifically, by making use of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space equipped with Gaussian measure, we introduce kernel angle covariances that can be applied to complex objects such as random vectors or matrices. We estimate kernel angle covariances based on $U$-statistic and establish the corresponding independence tests via gamma approximation. Our kernel angle independence tests, imposing no-moment conditions on kernels, are robust with heavy-tailed random variables. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies and apply our proposed methods to a facial recognition task. Our kernel angle covariances-based tests show remarkable performances in dealing with image data.