We adapt the theory of chordal Loewner chains to the operator-valued matricial upper-half plane over a $C^*$-algebra $\mathcal{A}$. We define an $\mathcal{A}$-valued chordal Loewner chain as a subordination chain of analytic self-maps of the $\mathcal{A}$-valued upper half-plane, such that each $F_t$ is the reciprocal Cauchy transform of an $\mathcal{A}$-valued law $μ_t$, such that the mean and variance of $μ_t$ are continuous functions of $t$. We relate $\mathcal{A}$-valued Loewner chains to processes with $\mathcal{A}$-valued free or monotone independent independent increments just as was done in the scalar case by Bauer ("Löwner's equation from a non-commutative probability perspective", J. Theoretical Prob., 2004) and Scheißinger ("The Chordal Loewner Equation and Monotone Probability Theory", Inf. Dim. Anal., Quantum Probability, and Related Topics, 2017). We show that the Loewner equation $\partial_t F_t(z) = DF_t(z)[V_t(z)]$, when interpreted in a certain distributional sense, defines a bijection between Lipschitz mean-zero Loewner chains $F_t$ and vector fields $V_t(z)$ of the form $V_t(z) = -G_{ν_t}(z)$ where $ν_t$ is a generalized $\mathcal{A}$-valued law. Based on the Loewner equation, we derive a combinatorial expression for the moments of $μ_t$ in terms of $ν_t$. We also construct non-commutative random variables on an operator-valued monotone Fock space which realize the laws $μ_t$. Finally, we prove a version of the monotone central limit theorem which describes the behavior of $F_t$ as $t \to +\infty$ when $ν_t$ has uniformly bounded support.