In this paper, we study the doubly reflected backward stochastic differential equations driven by $G$-Brownian motion ($G$-BSDEs for short) when the generator has quadratic growth in the $z$-component. Based on the theory of $G$-BMO martingale and $G$-Girsanov theorem, we establish the existence and uniqueness result when the upper obstacle is almost a generalized $G$-Itô's process. Moreover, the solution can be approximated monotonically by the solutions to a family of penalized reflected $G$-BSDEs with a lower obstacle, which plays an important role to establish the relation between doubly reflected $G$-BSDEs and fully nonlinear partial differential equations with double obstacles.