We develop a measure and integration theory for random normed modules. Given a probability space $({\rm X},Σ,\mathfrak m)$, we introduce and study measures taking values into the space $L^0(\mathfrak m)$ of $\mathfrak m$-measurable functions quotiented up to $\mathfrak m$-a.e. equality. Moreover, we develop a Bochner-type integration theory with respect to an $L^0(\mathfrak m)$-valued measure $μ$, for maps whose target ${\rm M}$ is a complete random normed module with base $({\rm X},Σ,\mathfrak m)$, or equivalently an $L^0(\mathfrak m)$-Banach $L^0(\mathfrak m)$-module. Inter alia, we prove versions of the Radon-Nikodým theorem and of the Riesz-Markov-Kakutani representation theorem for $L^0(\mathfrak m)$-valued measures. We also outline several applications of our integration theory: we introduce a notion of martingale with values in a complete random normed module, we propose a definition of random Radon-Nikodým property and we discuss random sets of finite perimeter.