In this paper, we study the Schrödinger operator $Δ-V$, where $V$ is a supercritical non-negative potential belonging to a large class of functions containing functions of the form $b|x|^{-(2+2β)}$, $b, β>0$. We obtain two-sided estimates on the heat kernel $p(t, x, y)$ of $Δ-V$, along with estimates for the corresponding Green function. Unlike the case of the fractional Schrödinger operator $-(-Δ)^{α/2}-V$, $α\in (0, 2)$, with supercritical killing potential dealt with in [11], in the present case, the heat kernel $p(t, x, y)$ decays to 0 exponentially as $x$ or $y$ tends to the origin.