A non-uniqueness phase for infinite clusters is proven for a class of marked random connection models on the $d$-dimensional hyperbolic space, ${\mathbb{H}^d}$, in a high volume-scaling regime. The approach taken in this paper utilizes the spherical transform on ${\mathbb{H}^d}$ to diagonalize convolution by the adjacency function and the two-point function and bound their $L^2\to L^2$ operator norms. Under some circumstances, this spherical transform approach also provides bounds on the triangle diagram that allows for a derivation of certain mean-field critical exponents. In particular, the results are applied to some Boolean and weight-dependent hyperbolic random connection models. While most of the paper is concerned with the high volume-scaling regime, the existence of the non-uniqueness phase is also proven without this scaling for some random connection models whose resulting graphs are almost surely not locally finite.