In this paper, we generalize the classical Yosida approximation by utilizing a nonstandard duality mapping to establish the existence and uniqueness of both (probabilistically) weak and strong solutions and demonstrate the continuous dependence on initial values for a class of multi-valued stochastic evolution inclusions within the variational framework. Furthermore, leveraging this generalized Yosida approximation, we derive the finite-time extinction of solutions with probability one and also provide an explicit upper bound of the moment of extinction time for multi-valued stochastic evolution inclusions perturbed by linear multiplicative noise. The main results are applicable to various examples, including multi-valued stochastic porous media equations, stochastic $Φ$-Laplace equations and stochastic evolution inclusions involving subdifferentials.