In this paper, we introduce the notion of post-Hopf algebroids, generalizing the pre-Hopf algebroids introduced in [Bronasco, Laurent, 2025] in the study of exotic aromatic S-series. We construct action post-Hopf algebroids through actions of post-Hopf algebras. We show that the universal enveloping algebra of a post-Lie-Rinehart algebra (post-Lie algebroid) is naturally a post-Hopf algebroid. As a byproduct, we construct the free post-Lie-Rinehart algebra using a magma algebra with a linear map to the derivation Lie algebra of a commutative associative algebra. Applications in geometric numerical integration on manifolds are given.