We study the combinatorial equivalence of separable elements in types $A$ and $B$. A bijection is constructed from the set of separable permutations in the symmetric group $S_{n+1}$ to the set of separable signed permutations in the hyperoctahedral group $B_n$. This bijection preserves descent statistics and induces a poset isomorphism under the left weak order. As a consequence, separable signed permutations are enumerated by the large Schröder numbers, and their descent polynomials are shown to be $γ$-positive. Building on a recursive characterization of separable signed permutations via direct sum and skew sum operations, we derive explicit product formulas for the rank generating functions of the principal upper and lower ideals of separable signed permutations under the left weak order.