We generalize the Varchenko matrix of a hyperplane arrangement to oriented matroids. We show that the celebrated determinant formula for the Varchenko matrix, first proved by Varchenko, generalizes to oriented matroids. It follows that the determinant only depends on the matroid underlying the oriented matroid and analogous formulas hold for cones in oriented matroids. We follow a proof strategy for the original Varchenko formula first suggested by Denham and Hanlon. Besides several technical lemmas this strategy also requires a topological result on supertopes which is of independent interest. We show that a supertope considered as a subposet of the tope poset has a contractible order complex.