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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
On the Failure of the Upper Bound in the Refined BMV Conj...
Trung Hoa Dinh · 2026-05-18 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

We analyze why the refined Bessis--Moussa--Villani conjecture fails. The refined conjecture proposed that the normalized trace average over all words with prescribed numbers of letters \(A\) and \(B\) should be bounded above by the clustered word \(\Tr(A^nB^m)\). Recent counterexamples of Cha show that this upper bound is false already for \(3\times3\) positive semidefinite matrices when \(n=m=5\). We explain the failure from the viewpoint of commutative common parts. The term \(\Tr(A^nB^m)\) is not the canonical common part of the pair \((A,B)\); it is only one clustered word. After pinching \(B\) relative to \(A\), the natural commuting contribution is \(\A_{n,m}(A,\EA(B))\). The off-diagonal complement \(B-\EA(B)\) creates spectral bridges, and mixed words can distribute the powers of \(A\) along closed cycles more efficiently than the clustered word. This gives a mechanism for finding counterexamples. Motivated by this mechanism, we propose a corrected pinching refinement \[ \A_{n,m}(A,B)\ge \A_{n,m}(A,\EA(B)). \] We prove this corrected conjecture in the case of two letters \(B\), obtaining a sandwich refinement \[ \A_{n,2}(A,\EA(B)) \le \A_{n,2}(A,B) \le \Tr(A^nB^2). \] Thus, even where the old clustered upper bound remains true, the pinching viewpoint gives a sharper structural decomposition.