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Complement Submodular Information Measures for Balanced and Robust Data Selection A Proof of a Conjecture on Positive and Negative Square Energies of Unicyclic Graphs Laplacian Spectrum of the Weakly Zero-Divisor Graph of a Finite Commutative Ring An identity for second Eulerian numbers via lattice-point counting $t$-tone edge coloring of graphs Constructing Maximal Bumpless Pipedreams for Double Grothendieck Polynomials Mubayi's Polynomial-Ideal Conjecture and Cover-Ideal Turán Methods Implicit Binarization via Complex Phase Dynamics in Combinatorial Optimization The limits of Schur multipliers in Pólya conversion problems for the $q$-permanent function Universality theorems for generalized splines Framing Triangulations for Arbitrary Integer Flow Polytopes On the Common Generalization of Gentle Algebras and Framed Directed Acyclic Graphs The complexity of frugal digraph homomorphisms Chaotic and periodic behavior of jeu de taquin on infinite Young tableaux Enumerating Pattern Avoiding Parking Functions Incidence toric ideals and three-point functions Unique Winning Opening Move in Three-Row Chomp Strong majority colorings of graphs A Balancing Theorem for Spanning Trees of Rectangular Grid Graphs Spectral radius and edge-disjoint connected factors of graphs New invariants for rank metric codes, with applications to the classification of rank two semifields of order 256 Flexible DP-4-coloring of planar graphs without 4-cycles and intersecting triangles Balanced intersection size distributions in projective planes List Reconstruction Problem with List Size Two Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? The INIEP: Irreducible and Positive Realizations The number of Pfaffian orientations on punctured polygonally cellulated surfaces Explicit Construction of Polytopes whose Ehrhart Polynomials Realize any Given Sign Pattern Finite-state enumeration of adjacency-constrained 132-avoiding permutations AMDS and quantum AMDS Constacyclic codes of length $4p^ς$ over $\mathbb{F}_{{p}^{m}}$
A $μ$-distance for semidirected orchard phylogenetic netw...
Gerard Ribas, Joan Carles Pons, Cécile Ané · 2026-05-07 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

In evolutionary biology, phylogenetic networks are now widely used to represent the historical relationships between species and population, when this history includes reticulation events such as hybridization, gene flow and admixture between populations. Semidirected phylogenetic networks are appropriate models when the direction of some edges and the root position are not identifiable from data. Comparing semidirected networks is important in many applications. For rooted and directed networks, a $μ$-representation was originally introduced to distinguish tree-child networks, and has since been extended in two different directions: to the larger class of orchard directed networks by adding an extra component that counts paths to reticulations; and to semidirected networks, through an edge-based variant. However, the latter does not provide a distance between semidirected and orchard networks. We introduce here a new edge-based $μ$-representation capable of distinguishing distinct orchard binary semidirected networks. For this class, we provide a reconstruction algorithm and therefore obtain a true distance that is computable in polynomial time.