A fractional matching of a graph $G$ is a function $f$ giving each edge a number in $[0,1]$ such that $\sum_{e\inΓ(v)}f(e)\leq1$ for each vertex $v\in V(G)$, where $Γ(v)$ is the set of edges incident to $v$. The fractional matching number of $G$, written $α^{\prime}_*(G)$, is the maximum value of $\sum_{e\in E(G)}f(e)$ over all fractional matchings. In this paper, we investigate the relations between the fractional matching number and the signless Laplacian spectral radius of a graph. Moreover, we give some sufficient spectral conditions for the existence of a fractional perfect matching.