Let $Q(G)=D(G)+A(G)$ be the signless Laplacian matrix of a simple graph of order $n$, where $D(G)$ and $A(G)$ are the degree diagonal matrix and the adjacency matrix of $G$, respectively. In this paper, we present a sharp upper bound for the signless spectral radius of $G$ without any tree and characterize all extremal graphs which attain the upper bound, which may be regarded as a spectral extremal version for the famous Erdős-Sós conjecture.