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Connected coalitions in graphs
Saeid Alikhani, Davood Bakhshesh, Hamidreza Golmohammadi, Elena · 2023-02-12 · via math.CO updates on arXiv.org

The connected coalition in a graph $G=(V,E)$ consists of two disjoint sets of vertices $V_{1}$ and $V_{2}$, neither of which is a connected dominating set but whose union $V_{1}\cup V_{2}$, is a connected dominating set. A connected coalition partition in a graph $G$ of order $n=|V|$ is a vertex partition $ψ$ = $\{V_1, V_2,..., V_k \}$ such that every set $V_i \in ψ$ either is a connected dominating set consisting of a single vertex of degree $n-1$, or is not a connected dominating set but forms a connected coalition with another set $V_j\in ψ$ which is not a connected dominating set. The connected coalition number, denoted by $CC(G)$, is the maximum cardinality of a connected coalition partition of $G$. In this paper, we initiate the study of connected coalition in graphs and present some basic results. Precisely, we characterize all graphs that have a connected coalition partition. Moreover, we show that for any graph $G$ of order $n$ with $δ(G)=1$ and with no full vertex, it holds that $CC(G)<n$. Furthermore, we show that for any tree $T$, $CC(T)=2$. Finally, we present two polynomial-time algorithms that for a given connected graph $G$ of order $n$ determine whether $CC(G)=n$ or $CC(G)=n-1$.