The topological zeta function of a matroid is a rational function as well as a valuative invariant of the matroid, encoding rich combinatorial information. We analyze topological zeta functions of matroids from the vantage point of several matroid operations and operations on lattices of flats. We prove a clean recurrence relation for the Möbius inversion and use it to describe the topological zeta function of the truncation and free extension of a matroid in relation with that of the original matroid. We also characterize the Taylor coefficients of the topological zeta functions for matroids in terms of a matroid invariant, which we call the girth, and generalize an earlier result by Jensen-Kutler-Usatine.